Showing papers in "The Lancet in 2001"

TL;DR: A rationale for the use of cytokine and chemokine blockade, and further investigation of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, in the chemoprevention and treatment of malignant diseases is provided.

TL;DR: In patients with chronic hepatitis C, the most effective therapy is the combination of peginterferon alfa-2b 1.5 microg/kg per week plus ribavirin, and this randomised trial found that the benefit is mostly achieved in patients with HCV genotype 1 infections.

TL;DR: The revised CONSORT statement is intended to improve the reporting of an RCT, enabling readers to understand a trial's conduct and to assess the validity of its results.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors propose relevance, validity, and reflexivity as overall standards for qualitative inquiry, and discuss specific challenges in relation to reflexivity, transferability, and shared assumptions of interpretation.

TL;DR: The features of biofilm infections are summarized, the emerging mechanisms of resistance are reviewed, and potential therapies are discussed.

TL;DR: In patients with acute coronary syndrome receiving aspirin, a strategy of clopidogrel pretreatment followed by long-term therapy is beneficial in reducing major cardiovascular events, compared with placebo.

TL;DR: This blood-pressure-lowering regimen reduced the risk of stroke among both hypertensive and non-hypertensive individuals with a history of stroke or transient ischaemic attack, irrespective of their blood pressure.

TL;DR: In this article, the association between baseline and change in consumption of sugar-sweetened drinks (the independent variables), and difference in measures of obesity, with linear and logistic regression analyses adjusted for potentially confounding variables and clustering of results within schools.

TL;DR: Gut microflora might be a hitherto unexplored source of natural immunomodulators and probiotics, for prevention of atopic disease in children at high risk.

TL;DR: Investigation of many newly identified gene products, including the 70 putative virulence factors, will greatly improve the understanding of the biology of staphylococci and the processes of infectious diseases caused by S aureus.

TL;DR: Vitamin D supplementation was associated with a decreased frequency of type 1 diabetes when adjusted for neonatal, anthropometric, and social characteristics and Ensuring adequate vitamin D supplementation for infants could help to reverse the increasing trend in the incidence ofType 1 diabetes.

TL;DR: Dopamine modulates motivation and reward circuits and hence dopamine deficiency in obese individuals may perpetuate pathological eating as a means to compensate for decreased activation of these circuits.

TL;DR: In patients treated long-term after an acute myocardial infarction complicated by left-ventricular systolic dysfunction, carvedilol reduced the frequency of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, and recurrent, non-fatal myocardia infarctions.

TL;DR: The revised version of the WHO document on medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use aims to ensure that contraceptive counseling is based on the best available evidence and to simplify the criteria for eligibility to include only those essential for screening to ensure the safe provision of contraceptive services.

TL;DR: A new perspective is offered on the understanding of the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes and on principles for therapeutic management of patients with this disorder.

TL;DR: Long-term and early-life exposure to stables and farm milk induces a strong protective effect against development of asthma, hay fever, and atopic sensitisation in children.

TL;DR: Bosentan increases exercise capacity and improves haemodynamics in patients with pulmonary hypertension, suggesting that endothelin has an important role in pulmonary hypertension.

TL;DR: A combination of basic serum markers could be used to substantially reduce the number of liver biopsies done in patients with chronic HCV infection.

TL;DR: Prenatal exposure to famine, especially during late gestation, is linked to decreased glucose tolerance in adults, and this effect of famine on glucose tolerance is especially important in people who become obese as adults.

TL;DR: Endovascular treatment had similar major risks and effectiveness at prevention of stroke during 3 years compared with carotid surgery, but with wide CIs and had the advantage of avoiding minor complications.

TL;DR: The Canadian CT Head Rule is developed, a highly sensitive clinical decision rule for use of CT that has the potential to significantly standardise and improve the emergency management of patients with minor head injury.

TL;DR: Radical nephrectomy done before interferon-alfa-based immunotherapy might substantially delay time to progression and improve survival of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma who present with good performance status.

TL;DR: Impatinib at a dose of 400 mg twice daily is well tolerated during the first 8 weeks, side-effects diminish with continuing treatment, and it has significant activity in patients with advanced GISTs.

TL;DR: There are genetic components to susceptibility, but the relative contributions of maternal and fetal genotypes are still unclear and whole-genome mapping could ultimately define the causative genes.

TL;DR: Higher viral load and genital ulceration are the main determinants of HIV-1 transmission per coital act in this Ugandan population.

TL;DR: In this review, the normal function of the immune system in recognising, repelling, and eradicating pathogens and other foreign molecules is covered.

TL;DR: There is much inconsistency regarding emotional and cognitive care, although one relatively consistent finding is that physicians who adopt a warm, friendly, and reassuring manner are more effective than those who keep consultations formal and do not offer reassurance.

TL;DR: Although increased throughout the range of values of LDL-cholesterol, apoB and apoA-I might be of greatest value in diagnosis and treatment in men and women who have common lipid abnormalities, but have normal or low concentrations of HDL-ch cholesterol.

TL;DR: Alleged Alzheimer-type and vascular pathology were the major pathological correlates of cognitive decline in this elderly sample, as expected, but most patients had mixed disease, challenging conventional dementia diagnostic criteria in this setting.

TL;DR: The long-term combined structure- modifying and symptom-modifying effects of gluosamine sulphate suggest that it could be a disease modifying agent in osteoarthritis.