Showing papers in "The Lancet in 2005"

TL;DR: The overall prevalence and absolute burden of hypertension in 2000 and the global burden in 2025 were estimated to be about 1.56 billion (1.54-1.58 billion) and the number of adults with hypertension in 2025 was predicted to increase by about 60% respectively.

TL;DR: Statin therapy can safely reduce the 5-year incidence of major coronary events, coronary revascularisation, and stroke by about one fifth per mmol/L reduction in LDL cholesterol, largely irrespective of the initial lipid profile or other presenting characteristics.

TL;DR: The 10-year and 15-year effects of various systemic adjuvant therapies on breast cancer recurrence and survival are reported and it is found that the cumulative reduction in mortality is more than twice as big at 15 years as at 5 years after diagnosis.

TL;DR: The pathophysiology seems to be largely attributable to insulin resistance with excessive flux of fatty acids implicated, and a proinflammatory state probably contributes to the metabolic syndrome.

TL;DR: Detailed estimates of dementia prevalence for each world region are believed to constitute the best currently available basis for policymaking, planning, and allocation of health and welfare resources.

TL;DR: It is found that variations in local treatment that substantially affect the risk of locoregional recurrence could also affect long-term breast cancer mortality, and that avoidance of a local recurrence in the conserved breast is recommended.

TL;DR: In men, severe obstructive sleep apnoea-hypopNoea significantly increases the risk of fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular events and CPAP treatment reduces this risk.

TL;DR: Overall safety and tolerability was good with no change in the safety profile of pioglitazone identified; mortality rates from heart failure did not differ between groups.

TL;DR: A Commission on Social Determinants of Health is launching, which will review the evidence, raise societal debate, and recommend policies with the goal of improving health of the world's most vulnerable people.

TL;DR: The proportion of child deaths that occurs in the neonatal period (38% in 2000) is increasing, and the Millennium Development Goal for child survival cannot be met without substantial reductions in neonatal mortality.

TL;DR: A single acquired mutation of JAK2 was noted in more than half of patients with a myeloproliferative disorder and its presence in all erythropoietin-independent erythroid colonies demonstrates a link with growth factor hypersensitivity, a key biological feature of these disorders.

TL;DR: Fenofibrate did not significantly reduce the risk of the primary outcome of coronary events, but it did reduce total cardiovascular events, mainly due to fewer non-fatal myocardial infarctions and revascularisations.

TL;DR: Outpatient antibiotic use in 26 countries in Europe between Jan 1, 1997, and Dec 31, 2002 was investigated by calculating the number of defined daily doses (DDD) per 1000 inhabitants per day according to WHO anatomic therapeutic chemical classification and DDD measurement methodology, and the ecological association between antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance rates was assessed using Spearman's correlation coefficients.

TL;DR: The ability to identify patients who have a favourable prognosis could, after independent confirmation, allow clinicians to avoid adjuvant systemic therapy or to choose less aggressive therapeutic options.

TL;DR: Laroscopic-assisted surgery for cancer of the colon is as effective as open surgery in the short term and is likely to produce similar long-term outcomes, however, impaired short- term outcomes after laparosc-assisted anterior resection forcancer of the rectum do not yet justify its routine use.

TL;DR: Redefinition of obesity based on waist-to-hip ratio instead of BMI increases the estimate of myocardial infarction attributable to obesity in most ethnic groups.

TL;DR: The amlodipine-based regimen prevented more major cardiovascular events and induced less diabetes than the atenolol- based regimen, and these effects might not be entirely explained by better control of blood pressure.

TL;DR: Type 2 diabetes mellitus has a strong genetic component, but only a handful of genes have been identified so far: genes for calpain 10, potassium inward-rectifier 6.2, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, insulin receptor substrate-1, and others.

TL;DR: In patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms suitable for both treatments, endovascular coiling is more likely to result in independent survival at 1 year than neurosurgical clipping; the survival benefit continues for at least 7 years.

TL;DR: Univariate analysis showed a significant correlation between acute renal injury and the following: urine and serum concentrations of NGAL at 2 h, and cardiopulmonary bypass time.

TL;DR: Anastrozole should be the preferred initial treatment for postmenopausal women with localised hormone-receptor-positive breast cancer, especially gynaecological problems and vascular events, but arthralgia and fractures were increased.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a checklist for clinicians to consider external validity in the design and reporting of RCTs and make recommendations for greater consideration of external validity for clinical trials.

TL;DR: A 4-year effort by WHO to improve the accuracy of estimates of the proportion of deaths in children younger than age 5 years attributable to pneumonia, diarrhoea, malaria, measles, and the major causes of death in the first 28 days of life is reported on.

TL;DR: When assessing the economic effects of diabetic foot disease, it is important to remember that rates of recurrence of foot ulcers are very high, being greater than 50% after 3 years.

TL;DR: Treatment with gefitinib was not associated with significant improvement in survival in either coprimary population, and there was pronounced heterogeneity in survival outcomes between groups of patients, with some evidence of benefit among never-smokers and patients of Asian origin.

TL;DR: Enhanced understanding and correction of pathogenic factors, combined with stricter adherence to standards of care and with technological breakthroughs in biological agents, is giving new hope to the problem of impaired healing.

TL;DR: Direct decompressive surgery plus postoperative radiotherapy is superior to treatment with radiotherapy alone for patients with spinal cord compression caused by metastatic cancer.

TL;DR: Refugees resettled in western countries could be about ten times more likely to have post-traumatic stress disorder than age-matched general populations in those countries.

TL;DR: Induced head cooling is not protective in a mixed population of infants with neonatal encephalopathy, but it could safely improve survival without severe neurodevelopmental disability in infants with less severe aEEG changes.