Showing papers in "The Lancet in 2006"

TL;DR: Despite uncertainties about mortality and burden of disease estimates, the findings suggest that substantial gains in health have been achieved in most populations, countered by the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Sub-Saharan Africa and setbacks in adult mortality in countries of the former Soviet Union.

TL;DR: Mild cognitive impairment can be regarded as a risk state for dementia, and its identification could lead to secondary prevention by controlling risk factors such as systolic hypertension.

TL;DR: The rise in prevalence of symptoms in many centres is concerning, but the absence of increases in prevalence in asthma symptoms for centres with existing high prevalence in the older age-group is reassuring.

TL;DR: Haemorrhage and hypertensive disorders are major contributors to maternal deaths in developing countries and these data should inform evidence-based reproductive health-care policies and programmes at regional and national levels.

TL;DR: Clinical trials with the incretin mimetic exenatide and liraglutide show reductions in fasting and postprandial glucose concentrations, and haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) associated with weight loss, but long-term clinical studies are needed to determine the benefits of targeting the inc retin axis for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors assess the prevalence and effect of valve disease on overall survival in the general population and find that moderate or severe valve disease is common in this population and increase with age.

TL;DR: Strategies for identification of patients at risk and for prevention and possible treatment of this important entity of chronic pain are outlined.

TL;DR: Moderate or severe valvular heart diseases are notably common in this population and increase with age and in the community, women are less often diagnosed than are men, which could indicate an important imbalance in view of the associated lower survival.

TL;DR: The first phase of a three year study of 62 countries to evaluate how far the civil, economic, political, social and cultural rights of children have been affected worldwide suggests that there have been many rapid and widespread changes.

TL;DR: The findings confirm that physical and sexual partner violence against women is widespread and the variation in prevalence within and between settings highlights that this violence in not inevitable, and must be addressed.

TL;DR: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre, international trial to assess tolerability and anticancer efficacy of sunitinib in patients with advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumour, noting significant clinical benefit, including disease control and superior survival.

TL;DR: The epidemiological evidence of how climate variations and trends affect various health outcomes is summarised and evidence and anticipation of adverse health effects will strengthen the case for pre-emptive policies, and guide priorities for planned adaptive strategies.

TL;DR: Concerns about the sustainability of periodic deworming with benzimidazole anthelmintics and the emergence of resistance have prompted efforts to develop and test new control tools.

TL;DR: Prevalence of autism and related ASDs is substantially greater than previously recognised and services in health, education, and social care will need to recognise the needs of children with some form of ASD, who constitute 1% of the child population.

TL;DR: Oral anticoagulation therapy is superior to clopidogrel plus aspirin for prevention of vascular events in patients with atrial fibrillation at high risk of stroke, especially in those already taking oral anticoAGulation therapy.

TL;DR: Investigators of large, worldwide, collaborative studies of the spectrum of Guillain-Barré syndrome are accruing data for clinical and biological databases to inform the development of outcome predictors and disease biomarkers, which is transforming the clinical and scientific landscape of acute autoimmune neuropathies.

TL;DR: Targeting of interventions to the most vulnerable--rural populations and poor people--is essential if substantial progress is to be achieved by 2015, and local variation can be important.

TL;DR: Engineered bladder tissues, created with autologous cells seeded on collagen-polyglycolic acid scaffolds, and wrapped in omentum after implantation, can be used in patients who need cystoplasty.

TL;DR: Lifestyle intervention in people at high risk for type 2 diabetes resulted in sustained lifestyle changes and a reduction in diabetes incidence, which remained after the individual lifestyle counselling was stopped.

TL;DR: Rosiglitazone at 8 mg daily for 3 years substantially reduces incident type 2 diabetes and increases the likelihood of regression to normoglycaemia in adults with impaired fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance, or both.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors argue that despite the complexity of knowing what works in terms of reducing maternal mortality, only a few strategic choices need to be made to reduce maternal mortality.

TL;DR: Broad protection against cytohistological outcomes beyond that anticipated for HPV 16/18 and protection against incident infection with HPV 45 and HPV 31 is noted and the vaccine has a good long-term safety profile.

TL;DR: MDR tuberculosis is more prevalent than previously realised in a rural area in KwaZulu Natal, South Africa and has been transmitted to HIV co-infected patients and is associated with high mortality.

TL;DR: The most striking feature of the USA300 genome is the horizontal acquisition of a novel mobile genetic element that encodes an arginine deiminase pathway and an oligopeptide permease system that could contribute to growth and survival of USA300.

TL;DR: The better outcomes for cardiovascular and total mortality seen in the overweight and mildly obese groups could not be explaining by adjustment for confounding factors and could be explained by the lack of discriminatory power of BMI to differentiate between body fat and lean mass.

TL;DR: Assessment of associations of objectively measured physical activity with clustering of cardiovascular disease risk factors in children from Denmark, Estonia, and Portugal found levels should be higher than the current international guidelines of at at least 1 h per day of physical activity of at least moderate intensity.

TL;DR: The current understanding of pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnostic, and differential diagnostic approaches, and diagnostic algorithms and recommendations for management of Cushing's syndrome are reviewed.

TL;DR: Urgent action is needed, and advocacy for lifestyle changes is the first step, and countries should review and implement interventions, and take a comprehensive and integrated public-health approach.

TL;DR: In this paper, Carotid endarterectomy is effective in stroke prevention for patients with severe symptomatic carotid-artery stenosis, and Stentation has been widely used as alternative treatment.

TL;DR: Intracoronary transfer of autologous bone marrow cells within 24 h of optimum reperfusion therapy does not augment recovery of global LV function after myocardial infarction, but could favourably affect infarct remodelling.