Showing papers in "The Lancet in 2013"

TL;DR: In this article, a comprehensive update of disease burden worldwide incorporating a systematic reassessment of disease and injury-specific epidemiology has been done since the 1990 study, and the authors aimed to calculate disease burden globally and for 21 regions for 1990, 2005, and 2010 with methods to enable meaningful comparisons over time.

TL;DR: It is estimated that undernutrition in the aggregate--including fetal growth restriction, stunting, wasting, and deficiencies of vitamin A and zinc along with suboptimum breastfeeding--is a cause of 3·1 million child deaths annually or 45% of all child deaths in 2011.

TL;DR: Developing more efficient methods to detect frailty and measure its severity in routine clinical practice would greatly inform the appropriate selection of elderly people for invasive procedures or drug treatments and would be the basis for a shift in the care of frail elderly people towards more appropriate goal-directed care.

TL;DR: The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2010 (GBD 2010) as discussed by the authors was used to estimate the burden of disease attributable to mental and substance use disorders in terms of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), years of life lost to premature mortality (YLLs), and years lived with disability (YLDs).

TL;DR: Screening and intervention can prevent chronic kidney disease, and where management strategies have been implemented the incidence of end-stage kidney disease has been reduced, but awareness of the disorder remains low in many communities and among many physicians.

TL;DR: Interventions targeting five pathogens can substantially reduce the burden of moderate-to-severe diarrhoea and suggest new methods and accelerated implementation of existing interventions (rotavirus vaccine and zinc) are needed to prevent disease and improve outcomes.

TL;DR: This study provides the first comparison of the prevalence of peripheral artery disease between high-income countries (HIC) and low-income or middle- income countries (LMIC), establishes the primary risk factors for peripheral artery diseases in these settings, and estimates the number of people living with peripheral artery Disease regionally and globally.

TL;DR: The findings show that specific SNPs are associated with a range of psychiatric disorders of childhood onset or adult onset, and variation in calcium-channel activity genes seems to have pleiotropic effects on psychopathology.

TL;DR: Evidence is provided for a continuing role of targeted treatment after disease progression, with regorafenib offering a potential new line of therapy in this treatment-refractory population of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors did a comprehensive update of interventions to address undernutrition and micronutrient deficiencies in women and children and used standard methods to assess emerging new evidence for delivery platforms.

TL;DR: A Bayesian-framework, multiple-treatments meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials to compare 15 antipsychotic drugs and placebo in the acute treatment of schizophrenia found all drugs were significantly more effective than placebo.

TL;DR: The epidemiology of childhood diarrhoea and that of pneumonia overlap, which might be partly because of shared risk factors, such as undernutrition, suboptimum breastfeeding, and zinc deficiency, and action is needed globally and at country level to accelerate the reduction.

TL;DR: Treatment allocation seemed to have no effect on breast cancer outcome among 1248 women with ER-negative disease, and an intermediate effect among 4800 women with unknown ER status, and a further reduction in recurrence and mortality, particularly after year 10.

TL;DR: A comprehensive assessment of disease burden in China, how it changed between 1990 and 2010, and how China's health burden compares with other nations is done to guide policy responses to the changing disease spectrum in China.

TL;DR: The epidemiology and pathophysiological mechanisms of cardiovascular risk in patients with chronic kidney disease are discussed, and methods of prevention are discussed.

TL;DR: With continued development of neuroprosthetic limbs, individuals with long-term paralysis could recover the natural and intuitive command signals for hand placement, orientation, and reaching, allowing them to perform activities of daily living.

TL;DR: CABG should remain the standard of care for patients with complex lesions (high or intermediate SYNTAX scores) or left main coronary disease (low or intermediateSYNTAx scores), PCI is an acceptable alternative.

TL;DR: Concerns are growing that the multimorbidity associated with HIV disease could affect healthy ageing and overwhelm some health-care systems, particularly those in resource-limited regions that have yet to develop a chronic care model fully.

TL;DR: Use of clopiogrel without aspirin was associated with a significant reduction in bleeding complications and no increase in the rate of thrombotic events.

TL;DR: In patients with chronic HBV infection, up to 5 years of treatment with tenofovir DF was safe and effective, and long-term suppression of HBV can lead to regression of fibrosis and cirrhosis.

TL;DR: Although NSAIDs increase vascular and gastrointestinal risks, the size of these risks can be predicted, which could help guide clinical decision making.

TL;DR: This paper assess the eff ectiveness of self-regulation, public-private partnerships, and public regulation models of interaction with unhealthy commodity industries and conclude that unhealthy commodity industry should have no role in the formation of national or international NCD policy.

TL;DR: Daily oral tenofovir reduced the risk of HIV infection in people who inject drugs and can now be considered for use as part of an HIV prevention package for people who injecting drugs.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors reviewed evidence of nutritional effects of programs in four sectors (agriculture, social safety nets, early child development, and schooling) and found that the nutritional effect of agricultural programs is inconclusive.

TL;DR: In patients with previously untreated indolent lymphoma, bendamustine plus rituximab can be considered as a preferred first-line treatment approach to R-CHOP because of increased progression-free survival and fewer toxic effects.

TL;DR: Although there are many potentially confounding differences between countries, the analysis suggests that the interaction of fiscal austerity with economic shocks and weak social protection is what ultimately seems to escalate health and social crises in Europe.

TL;DR: The results of this study show that oral regorafenib can provide a significant improvement in progression-free survival compared with placebo in patients with metastatic GIST after progression on standard treatments.

TL;DR: A recent report by the Lancet Commission revisited the case for investment in health and developed a new investment framework to achieve dramatic health gains by 2035 as discussed by the authors, which is, a reduction in infectious, maternal, and child mortality down to universally low levels.

TL;DR: Strategies to prevent retinopathy of prematurity will depend on optimisation of oxygen saturation, nutrition, and normalisation of concentrations of essential factors such as insulin-like growth factor 1 and ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids to promote normal growth and limit suppression of neurovascular development.

TL;DR: E-cigarettes, with or without nicotine, were modestly effective at helping smokers to quit, with similar achievement of abstinence as with nicotine patches, and few adverse events.