Showing papers in "The Lancet Psychiatry in 2016"

TL;DR: Molecular genetic studies have identified transduction and transcription factors that act in neurocircuitry associated with the development and maintenance of addiction that might mediate initial vulnerability, maintenance, and relapse associated with addiction.

TL;DR: It is argued that the global burden of mental illness is underestimated and the reasons for under-estimation are examined to identify five main causes: overlap between psychiatric and neurological disorders; the grouping of suicide and self-harm as a separate category; conflation of all chronic pain syndromes with musculoskeletal disorders; exclusion of personality disorders from disease burden calculations; and inadequate consideration of the contribution of severe mental illness to mortality from associated causes.

TL;DR: The evidence for restricting access to lethal means in prevention of suicide has strengthened since 2005, especially with regard to control of analgesics and hot-spots for suicide by jumping.

TL;DR: Return on investment analysis of the kind reported here can contribute strongly to a balanced investment case for enhanced action to address the large and growing burden of common mental disorders worldwide.

TL;DR: Preliminary support for the safety and efficacy of psilocybin for treatment-resistant depression is provided and motivates further trials, with more rigorous designs, to better examine the therapeutic potential of this approach.

TL;DR: This review is intended to summarise findings from the existing literature, identify important knowledge gaps, and set the research agenda for creating new generalisable knowledge pertinent to increasing the authors' understanding of the prevalence, determinants, and infant and childhood health outcomes associated with perinatal depression.

TL;DR: Clinical, research, and policy recommendations to improve mental health care in prisons are presented and it is shown that opiate substitution treatments reduce substance misuse relapse and possibly reoffending.

TL;DR: An algorithm to assess whether patients will achieve symptomatic remission from a 12-week course of citalopram is developed and predicted outcomes in the STAR*D cohort with accuracy significantly above chance.

TL;DR: This synthesis of published work provides the foundation for a taxonomy of putative types of dysfunction, which cuts across traditional diagnostic boundaries for depression and anxiety and includes instead distinct types of neural circuit dysfunction that together reflect the heterogeneity of depression and Anxiety.

TL;DR: Substantial variation is noted between countries in the levels, types, and sequences of substance use in young people, indicating that a young person's use of substances depends on their social context, drug availability, and their personal characteristics.

TL;DR: The associations between increases in marijuana use and decreases in perceiving great risk of harm from smoking marijuana suggest the need for education regarding the risk of smoking marijuana and prevention messages.

TL;DR: Childhood maltreatment predicts unfavourable clinical features and course of illness in patients with bipolar disorder and these associations were not explained by publication bias, undue effects of individual studies, or variation in study quality.

TL;DR: Funding is needed to increase the evidence base on interventions that aim to reduce the high burden of substance use in young people, with uncertain applicability in other countries and cultures and in subpopulations differing in sex, age, and risk status.

TL;DR: Online cognitive behaviour therapy for insomnia treatment is a practical and effective way to reduce depression symptoms and could be capable of reducing depression at the population level by use of a fully automatised system with the potential for wide dissemination.

TL;DR: Taking all the evidence into account, the combination of psychotherapeutic and psychopharmacological interventions is likely to be more effective than are psychotherAPEutic interventions alone, at least in severe obsessive-compulsive disorder.

TL;DR: Continued cannabis use after onset of psychosis predicts adverse outcome, including higher relapse rates, longer hospital admissions, and more severe positive symptoms than for individuals who discontinue cannabis use and those who are non-users.

TL;DR: Evidence is reviewed and the biopsychosocial model is used to illustrate risk factors, mediators and moderators underlying associations between maternal depression and child outcomes in low-income and middle-income countries.

TL;DR: The number of harms that are causally related to substance use in young people warrant high-quality research design interventions to prevent or ameliorate these harms.

TL;DR: It is concluded that ADHD should be recognised in the same way as other common adult mental health disorders, and that failure to recognise and treat ADHD is detrimental to the wellbeing of many patients seeking help for common mental health problems.

TL;DR: People with serious mental illness are at risk of blood-borne viral infections, but because of methodological limitations of the studies the prevalence might be overestimated.

TL;DR: The higher risk of dementia only in the increasing trajectory suggests depression might be a prodrome of dementia, which could not be captured by a single assessment of depressive symptoms.

TL;DR: Findings show a consistent trend at the individual level indicating that poverty, particularly in the form of worse economic status, diminished wealth, and unemployment is associated with suicidal ideations and behaviours.

TL;DR: The case for integration is reviewed, but also provides real practical examples of how it has been achieved, and both the barriers to and facilitators of its successful implementation are described on the basis of interviews of those involved.

TL;DR: This paper presents a distillation of a cognitive approach that is being translated into treatment for paranoia, and suggests that safety has to be relearned, by entering feared situations after reduction of the influence of the maintenance factors.

TL;DR: The need for EPAD and its key design elements are described, and the project is discussed in relation to similar projects in progress, which reflect the need for a coordinated, worldwide battle against dementia, in which EPAD will play a crucial role.

TL;DR: Impairment in five domains-attention, response inhibition, verbal memory, decision speed, and information processing-showed no relative improvement with acute treatment, even in patients whose depression remitted acutely according to clinical measures.

TL;DR: 4-phosphorloxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (psilocybin) and methylenedioxymethamfetamine (MDMA) are showing promise as therapeutics in a resurgence of clinical research during the past 10 years.

TL;DR: A Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis of the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions for self-harm in adults found CBT seems to be effective in patients after self- Harm, and there were few trials of other promising interventions, precluding firm conclusions as to their effectiveness.

TL;DR: CRP concentrations are increased in bipolar disorder regardless of mood state, but are higher during mania than in depression and euthymia, suggesting an increased inflammatory burden in mania.

TL;DR: The findings suggest a potential link between prediabetic markers, in particular impaired glucose tolerance and insulin resistance, and first-episode psychosis, which might help to explain the increased prevalence of type 2 diabetes in patients with schizophrenia and could have implications for the management of patients with psychosis.