Showing papers in "Toxicology in 2001"

TL;DR: Mycotoxins have various acute and chronic effects on humans and animals depending on species and susceptibility of an animal within a species, and ruminants have, however, generally been more resistant to the adverse effects of mycotoxin.

TL;DR: There is growing public concern in developing nations that no one is aware of the extent of pesticide residue contamination on local, fresh produce purchased daily or of potential, long-term, adverse health effects on consumers.

TL;DR: Treatment with antioxidants alone resulted in reversal of oxidative stress without significant decline in tissue lead burden and responses to the treatment with different antioxidants were recorded in the parameters of oxidative damage viz. lipid peroxide level, antioxidant enzymes and thiol contents.

TL;DR: The phytoestrogens showed a preference to bind to ER-beta, but only genistein showed a much lower activity in the E-Screen (growth induction in breast cancer cells) compared with the luciferase induction in MVLN and HGELN-cells.

TL;DR: In addition to its ability to confer resistance in tumour cells, MRP1 is ubiquitously expressed in normal tissues and is a primary active transporter of GSH, glucuronate and sulfate conjugated and unconjugated organic anions of toxicological relevance.

TL;DR: Evidence is presented that the di-ortho, multiple-chloro substituted biphenyls, PCB #138, PCB#153 and PCB#180, can compete with the binding of the natural ligand to two nuclear receptors and thus possess the ability to interfere with sexual hormone regulated processes.

TL;DR: Chemical aspects of biotransformation describing reactions that lead to activation or detoxication of OPC and the role of enzymes that are involved in this process are covered.

TL;DR: The results suggest that MT is an important protein in the cellular defense against Cd toxicity and lethality, but it provides much less protection against the lethality of the other metals.

TL;DR: The DPPH method is used to quantify the total radical scavenging capacity (RSC) of a wide range of 'teas', fruits and vegetables and shows that one or two cups of tea would provide a similar amount of RSC as five potions ofruits and vegetables or 400 mg vitamin C equivalents.

TL;DR: Lifetime exposure to DMA in diet or drinking water also causes a dose-dependent increase in urinary bladder tumors in rats, indicating that DMA is a complete carcinogen.

TL;DR: DMN-induced liver injury in rats appears to be a potential animal model for early human cirrhosis and the rapid deposition of collagen, and may serve as a convenient procedure for screening antifibrotic agents.

TL;DR: Findings provide direct support for the hypothesis that macrophages contribute to tissue injury and suggest that the extent to which a particular mediator contributes to injury depends on the nature of the toxicant, the target tissue, and quantities of the mediator produced.

TL;DR: In this paper, the cholestatic potential of troglitazone and its major metabolite, Troglitaxone sulfate, has been investigated in rats.

TL;DR: Mrp2-mediated biliary secretion of GS-ANIT is a prerequisite for development of cholestasis in rats and it is hypothesized that the toxic parent compound ANIT is regenerated in the biliary tree where it can exert its toxic properties on bile duct epithelial cells.

TL;DR: The uptake of dopamine, glutamate, GABA and serotonin was inhibited by the PCB mixtures, Aroclor 1242 and 1254, and ortho-chlorinated biphenyls were found to inhibit transmitter transport into synaptosomes from rat brain.

TL;DR: DTT potentiated the effects of copper ions on glutathione distribution and cell toxicity, whereas the addition of DTT to cell cultures with a non-metal thiol reactive agent (hydroquinone) or an oxidative agent (Hydrogen peroxide) did not affect glutATHione distribution or cell toxicity.

TL;DR: It is observed that VE is more effective than AA and garlic in restoring the inhibition of GST activity caused by CCl4 to the normal level after single dose treatments, and AA and VE are moreeffective than garlic in restore the induced TBARS level caused byCCl4to the normal control level after repeated dose treatments.

TL;DR: Results strongly suggest that thiram induces GSH depletion, leading to oxidative stress and finally cell death, which was exacerbated by the previous depletion of cellular GSH by L-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine (BSO).

TL;DR: The purpose of this review is to assess critically the evidence to support the hapten mechanism, and also to consider alternative mechanisms by which drugs cause idiosyncratic toxicity.

TL;DR: The results showed that Zn deficiency has negative effects on growth rate, specific organ weights, hematological parameters, and serum levels of Zn, Cu and Fe, especially in rats fed the lowest Zn level.

TL;DR: The Gell and Coombs's classification of drug allergies divides drug allergies into four pathophysiological types, namely anaphylaxis, antibody-mediated cytotoxic reactions, immune complex-mediated reactions, and delayed type hypersensitivity.

TL;DR: It was found that the body weight of rats, the ratios of liver and kidney weight to body weight, and the level of glutathione in the liver were decreased with increasing the dose of cadmium, indicating that taurine might play a role in reducing the toxic effect of Cadmium in rats.

TL;DR: These studies suggest for the first time that estrogen may induce thymic atrophy by triggering apoptosis in thymocytes following E2 treatment.

TL;DR: It is concluded that inflammation should be considered as a determinant of susceptibility to intoxication by xenobiotic exposure.

TL;DR: It is concluded that repeated doses of antioxidants or garlic could reduce the toxic effects exerted by CCl(4) upon the liver, and probably other organs, through inhibition of cytochrome P450 system that activates CCl (4) into its active metabolite, trichloromethyl radical.

TL;DR: The SCE frequency in the exposed subjects did not drop after the 8 months of non-exposure, which indicates long-term exposure to a mixture of pesticides, and chromosomal aberration analysis, sister chromatid exchange analysis, micronucleus assay and comet assay indicated genetic damage.

TL;DR: The distinction between DNA-reactive and epigenetic carcinogens and their roles in oncogenesis is reviewed and an approach to cancer hazard assessment based upon mechanisms is described.

TL;DR: Striking metal intracellular accumulation patterns, which have not been earlier described in keratinocytes, highlight the relevance of searching for specific biomarkers of early cellular toxic effects, such as cytosolic proteins that bind the metals.

TL;DR: The results support a hypothesis that resistance to BHT-induced inflammation in CXB4 mice accounts, at least in part, for the lack of effect of BHT on lung tumor multiplicity in this strain.

TL;DR: Genotoxic, hormone disrupting and Ah-receptor activity was analyzed in water collected in January 1999 at Meiliang Bay, Taihu Lake, China, near to the city of Wuxi in the Shanghai area, indicating that the estrogenic activity is mainly due to natural and synthetic hormones rather than xenoestrogens.