Showing papers in "Toxicology in 2007"

TL;DR: In inhaled rutile ultrafine-TiO(2) particles are expected to have a low risk potential for producing adverse pulmonary health effects, and differences in responses to anatase/rutile uf-3 TiO( 2) particles versus the rutiles u-1 and u-2 TiO-2 particles could be related to crystal structure, inherent pH of the particles, or surface chemical reactivity.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyzed 14 marine species for the concentrations of omega-3 fatty acids, as well as a number of metals and organic pollutants, and calculated the monthly fish consumption limits for human health endpoints based on the intake of these chemical contaminants.

TL;DR: The issue of diagnostic testing for chronic, historical or low dose mercury poisoning is considered including an analysis of the influence of ligand interactions and nutritional factors upon the accuracy of "chelation challenge" tests.

TL;DR: The results suggest that it may be possible to engineer a mutant form of PON1 with enhanced activity and stereospecificity for the most toxic nerve agent isoforms, and efforts have now been expanded to identify a catalytic protein capable of not only binding, but also rapidly hydrolyzing the standard threat nerve agents.

TL;DR: Cadmium causes renal toxicity by inducing lipid peroxidation, decreasing antioxidant systems, and also by altering lipid metabolism, and selenium treatment could protect the kidney tissues against the toxicity of cadmium since it reduced MDA levels and increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes in these tissues.

TL;DR: Simvastatin is beneficial in cisplatin-induced kidney and liver dysfunction and organ damage in rats via prevention of lipid peroxidation and tissue fibrosis, preservation of antioxidant glutathione, and suppression of neutrophil infiltration.

TL;DR: Direct inhibition of eNOS by NaHS is demonstrated, probably responsible for its contractile activity, being evidence for a novel function of H(2)S.

TL;DR: It is suggested that ROS played a critical role in MC-LR-induced hepatocyte apoptosis and liver injury, and the protective effect of vitamin C and E also suggested the potential interest in the clinical treatment of MC- LR-induced liver injury and hepatotoxicity.

TL;DR: This study clearly demonstrates that oxidative damage is likely to be evoked as one of the main pathway of ZEN toxicity and contribute, at least in part, to the mechanism of Zen different genotoxic and cytotoxic effects.

TL;DR: PBDEs have been shown to reduce T4 concentrations in several studies, but this is the first study demonstrating endocrine disruption at low doses and the adipose tissue concentration of PBDE-99 measured in this study was close to those reported in non-occupationally exposed humans.

TL;DR: Evidence is provided that a chronic exposure to low Cd concentrations triggered a biphasic defence activation in the kidney that might lead to adaptation and survival.

TL;DR: The studies suggest that neonatal exposition to permethrin or cypermethrin induces long-lasting effects after developmental exposure giving changes in open-field behaviors, striatal monoamine level, and increased oxidative stress.

TL;DR: Converging data indicate that both the activity and the stability of PON1 are dramatically dependent on the HDL component molecular environment, including HPBP, and biochemical and physiological characterization of Pon1-HPBP complexes, the environment allowing retaining functional enzyme state(s), and the thermal and storage stability of pon1 are mandatory.

TL;DR: Naringin possess cardioprotective effect in ISO-induced myocardial infarction in rats, and the activities of cardiac marker enzymes, ECG-patterns and lysosomal hydrolases inISO-induced rats are decreased.

TL;DR: It is concluded that cadmium-induced oxidative stress by increasing the levels of free radicals and by decreasing antioxidants level could be the primary cause of Cd-induced hepatotoxicity and selenium can be used as a protective agent against CD-toxicity.

TL;DR: The decomposition products of curcumin showed no significant inhibitory activities towards the CYPs investigated, and therefore, are not likely to cause drug-drug interactions at the level of CYPs.

TL;DR: Criteria and methodologic issues for studies involving biomarkers of exposure to antioxidant nutrients and of oxidative stress status for studies of oxidative DNA, lipid, and protein damage and cancer incidence are discussed.

TL;DR: The results suggest that quercetin may act as an antioxidant as well as a modulator of cellular signalling processes to exert its protective properties.

TL;DR: Transplacental exposure to arsenic at a hepatocarcinogenic dose induces alterations in DNA methylation and a complex set of aberrant gene expressions in the newborn liver, a target of arsenic carcinogenesis.

TL;DR: It is suggested that fluoride could cause oxidative stress, apoptosis, and decreased mRNA and protein expression levels of NCAM in rat hippocampal neurons, contributing to the neurotoxicity induced by fluoride.

TL;DR: The results indicate that chronic exposure to low doses of Cd induced functional and histological signs of early damage at concentrations in or below the ones generally accepted as safe are indicated.

TL;DR: It is shown that naringin has cardioprotective role in ISO-induced MI in rats and scavenges 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and nitric oxide (NO) radicals in vitro.

TL;DR: Airborne DEHP is able to increase serum IgG1 and lung inflammatory cell levels, but only at very high concentrations, and ex vivo cytokine secretion by cultures of draining lymph nodes suggested that DEHP has a mixed Th1/Th2 cytokine profile.

TL;DR: The results suggest that NaHS/H(2)S may protect gastric mucosal epithelial cells against oxidative stress through stimulation of MAP kinase pathways, a therapeutic dose range being very narrow.

TL;DR: Chronic topical application of parabens may lead to prolonged estrogenic effects in skin as a result of inhibition of estrogen sulfotransferase activity, suggesting the skin anti-aging benefits of many topical cosmetics and pharmaceuticals could be derived, in part, from the estrogenicity ofParabens.

TL;DR: A quick neuro-inflammatory gene response that does not subside over 7 days is indicated suggesting a potential role in the neurological consequences of soman-induced status epilepticus.

TL;DR: The anti-inflammatory activity of glutamine in a rat model of acetic acid-induced colitis may be mediated, at least in part, by inhibition of the expression of certain pro-inflammatory mediators which are regulated by the oxidative stress-sensitive NF-kappaB signalling pathway.

TL;DR: Experimental evidence is provided that dimethoate at subchronic oral doses has the propensity to impair glucose homeostasis, induce significant pancreatic damage and also provide an account of the associated oxidative damage to pancreatic tissue in adult rats.

TL;DR: Investigation of effect of NaHS, an H(2)S donor, on activity of recombinant NO synthase (NOS) isoforms demonstrates inhibition of three NOS isoforms by NaHS/H( 2)S, and suggests involvement of interaction of Na HS with BH(4) in inhibition of nNOS and eNOS, but not iNOS.

TL;DR: Evidence is provided that inhibition of NO overproduction and consequently maintenance of intracellular GSH levels may play a pivotal role in the protective effects of AG, GdCl(3) and OA against APAP-induced hepatic and renal damages.