Showing papers in "Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology in 2018"

TL;DR: The effects of Nrf2 on cancer mitochondria and metabolism are discussed, including changes in the mitochondrial respiration system and cancer bioenergetics that overall affect cancer metabolism.

TL;DR: This work proposes to incorporate mechanistic knowledge and data derived from in vitro studies to support various regulatory applications including: the identification of potential DNT triggers, initial chemical screening and prioritization, hazard identification and characterization, and assessment of exposure to chemical mixtures.

TL;DR: Results support the idea that rotenone can potentially be a developmental neurotoxicant and show a possible link between previously shown effects on neurite outgrowth and presently observed effects on Ca2+ reabsorption, synaptogenesis and PPAR pathway disruption.

TL;DR: Specific classification criteria should be developed within the frame of Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 in order to classify chemicals as cardiotoxic, if applicable to avoid long‐term cardiovascular complications.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that curcumin effects on TBI are associated with the activation the Nrf2 pathway, providing novel insights into the neuroprotective role of NRF2 and the potential therapeutic use ofCurcumin for TBI.

TL;DR: Results demonstrated that ASIV protected the integrity of BBB in LPS‐induced mice, the mechanism of which might be mediated via activating Nrf2 signaling pathway, and suggested that ASiv might be a potential neuroprotective drug acting on BBB.

TL;DR: The dual roles of sulforaphane make this natural compound a valuable agent for prevention against cadmium‐induced carcinogenesis and suppression of ROS, which are important in the mechanism of this process.

TL;DR: A trend towards a positive association between environmental or occupational exposure to some pesticides and some CAs was detected and this association remains to be substantiated, but main limitations of the review include inadequate exposure assessment and limited sample size.

TL;DR: This consensus statement voices the agreement of scientific stakeholders from regulatory agencies, academia and industry that a new framework needs adopting for assessment of chemicals with the potential to disrupt brain development by permitting mode-of-action-based DNT testing employing human stem cells-derived neuronal/glial models.

TL;DR: In conclusion, linagliptin exerted a neuroprotective effect in mice with cuprizone‐induced demyelination possibly by modulating AMPK/SIRT1 and JAK2/STAT3/NF‐&kgr;B signalling pathways.

TL;DR: H6 is a novel and potent MDR reversal agent, which has the potential to be administered in combination with conventional anticancer drugs and demonstrates robust reversal activity against MDR in vitro and in vivo.

TL;DR: Novel three-dimensional lung tissue platforms provide an opportunity for in vitro screening of a wide range of high aspect ratio fibrous nanomaterials for potential lung toxicity prior to commercialization.

TL;DR: Certain flavonoids including apigenin are expected to ameliorate the inflammatory symptoms in autoinflammatory diseases associated with NLRP3 inflammasome activation and mechanisms of cellular action are demonstrated.

TL;DR: C. elegans studies have the potential to predict possible effects of developmental neurotoxicants in higher animals, and may be used to identify new molecular pathways behind neurodevelopmental disruptions, as well as new toxicants.

TL;DR: The results showed that the level of lncRNA H19 expression in paclitaxel‐resistant cells was significantly higher than that inpaclitaxe‐sensitive cells, and knockdown of Lnc RNA H19 might restore chemo‐sensitivity in pac litaxel-resistant TNBC by mediating the AKT signaling pathway.

TL;DR: A Rapid Adaptable Portable In‐vitro Detection biosensor platform (RAPID) for detecting chemicals that interact with the human estrogen receptor (hER); this biosensor consists of an allosteric fusion protein, which is expressed using cell‐free protein synthesis technology and is directly assayed by a colorimetric response.

TL;DR: The mechanistic knowledge how exposure to PM during early brain development may contribute to increased risk of ADHD symptoms or cognitive deficits is limited, and the combined use of well‐designed longitudinal cohort studies, supported by mechanistic in vitro studies is needed.

TL;DR: The literature on health effects of perchlorate at environmental exposure levels is reviewed, with a focus on exposures during pregnancy and neurodevelopmental effects.

TL;DR: Embryos exposed to SM10 during development and raised in chemical‐free water into adulthood exhibited decreased learning and responses to startle stimulus indicating that developmental SM10 exposures affect neurobehavior, exemplify the utility of zebrafish to investigate the developmental and neurotoxicity of complex mixtures.

TL;DR: Fluoride induces apoptosis by inhibiting the deacetylase activity of SIRT1 to activate mitochondrial p53 pathway in SH‐SY5Y cells, which depends on p53 transcriptional activity, which may be a promising target to protect against fluoride‐induced neurotoxicity.

TL;DR: It is suggested that, in vitro and in vivo, PP I inhibits the viability and induces apoptosis of gefitinib‐resistant NSCLC by down‐regulating MALAT1 and inactivating STAT3 signaling pathway.

TL;DR: The AOP‐DB is introduced, an exploratory database resource that aggregates association relationships between genes and their related chemicals, diseases, pathways, species orthology information, ontologies, and gene interactions that provides a useful interface between the AOP framework and existing chemical screening and prioritization efforts by the US Environmental Protection Agency.

TL;DR: The results of concentration‐response screening of 67 reference chemicals in a battery of high content imaging and microplate reader‐based assays that evaluate neural progenitor cell proliferation, neural proginitor cell apoptosis, neurites initiation/outgrowth, neurite maturation and synaptogenesis are summarized and compared.

TL;DR: Working models describing mechanisms underlying the involvement of the KEAP1‐NRF2 system in skin photoaging and carcinogenesis are presented and it is noted that prolonged and strong activation of NRF2 may also have adverse effects on skin, especially in the case of UVR‐induced carcinogenesis.

TL;DR: F exposure was related to the urinary excretion of early kidney injury biomarkers, supporting the hypothesis of the nephrotoxic role of F exposure and co‐exposure to low arsenic level does not enhanced renal fluoride toxicity.

TL;DR: Together, simultaneous down‐regulation of COX‐2/mPGES‐1 and 5‐LOX by leonurine ameliorates MSU crystal‐induced inflammation through decreasing IL‐1&bgr; and TNF‐&agr; production.

TL;DR: Naringenin showed potent neuroprotective effect in depression comparable to the fluoxetine by restoring alterations in kynurenine pathway via its antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory potential.

TL;DR: It is found that chronic Cr(VI) exposure causes epigenetic dysregulation as evidenced by the increased levels of histone H3 repressive methylation marks and the related histone‐lysing methyltransferases (HMTases), and that increased expression of HMTases plays a causal role in Cr( VI)‐induced CSC‐like property and cell transformation.

TL;DR: A butyrate specific mechanistic approach is reported to identify and treat increased metabolic abnormalities in GWI veterans with systemic inflammation, chronic fatigue, GI disturbances, metabolic complications and weight gain.

TL;DR: The Kelch‐like ECH‐associated protein 1‐nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Keap1‐Nrf2) system has drawn much attention in recent years for its anti‐oxidative and anti‐inflammatory properties, and its pharmacological potential for treatment of kidney diseases is being widely investigated in both clinical and non‐clinical studies.