Showing papers in "Toxicology Letters in 2002"

TL;DR: Several PhACs from various prescription classes have been found at concentrations up to the microg/l-level in sewage influent and effluent samples and also in several surface waters located downstream from municipal sewage treatment plants (STPs).

TL;DR: A better understanding of the mechanism(s) of action) of arsenic will make a more confident determination of the risks associated with exposure to this chemical.

TL;DR: The most frequent toxigenic fungi in Europe are Aspergillus, Penicillium and Fusarium species, which produce aflatoxin B1 transformed into a Flatoxin M1 found in the milk, as well as Ochratoxins and Zearalenone, Fumonisin B1, T-2 toxin and deoxynivalenol (vomitoxin), which are of increasing concern in human health.

TL;DR: Detailed studies about enzymes hydrolysing carbamates and pyrethroids in vertebrates will improve the knowledge of the detoxification routes in non-target species and will help to design specific and safer carbamate and pyrethroid insecticides.

TL;DR: An assessment of currently available models for predicting concentrations of veterinary medicines entering surface waters indicated that for sulfachloropyridazine, the methods provide reasonable estimates, predicted concentrations being within a factor of two of the maximum measured concentrations.

TL;DR: The results suggested the combined effects of phosphate, silicate, and bicarbonate caused the high mobility of arsenic in Bangladesh water.

TL;DR: Cobalt, arsenic, nickel and cadmium interfere with base and nucleotide excision repair, even though they affect different steps of the respective repair systems and act by different, not yet completely understood mechanisms.

TL;DR: Workplace exposure or chronic ingestion of arsenic-contaminated water or arsenical medications is associated with development of skin, lung, and other cancers.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that acute administration of PFOS or PFOA causes hepatic peroxisome proliferation in rats, however, stimulation of mt biogenesis is not a characteristic response of all per oxisome proliferators.

TL;DR: The exposure of European consumers to lead, cadmium, arsenic and mercury is superior to the TDI, and a review of the level of contamination in European countries has been made.

TL;DR: Though interactions on metabolism and ensuing high plasma levels can partially explain myopathy as intoxication, there are strong indications that other (endocrine, metabolic, genetic) factors might play a role in the pathophysiology.

TL;DR: The results demonstrate that the toxicity of DOX bound to NP was similar or even lower than that of free DOX.

TL;DR: The binding sites for Ni(II) and Cu( II) in core histones and sperm protamines are proposed and evidence for the generation of promutagenic oxidative DNA damage by the bound metals is provided.

TL;DR: Reports in Taiwan and Bangladesh indicate that arsenic exposure from drinking artesian well water is associated with prevalence and incidence of diabetes mellitus in a dose-responsive pattern, and increasing trends of Diabetes mellitus with indices of arsenic exposure in drinking water seems to be independent of the presence of skin lesions associated with arsenic exposure.

TL;DR: The observed elimination kinetics of diazinon metabolites suggest a biological monitoring strategy for occupational exposure to diaz inon based on urine samples collected at the end of shift.

TL;DR: Overall, quinolones are as well tolerated as most other anti-microbial agents, however, their specific toxic potentials have to be considered when they are chosen for treatment of bacterial infections.

TL;DR: The occurrence of two processes of apoptosis and necrosis in different neurons of same culture indicated existence of a selective cellular defense against arsenic toxicity, indicating possible protection from arsenic toxicity.

TL;DR: It is concluded that a more "mechanism-based" approach to the experimental investigation of potential environmental hazards through the contamination of the aquatic compartment by drug residues should yield more meaningful results and insights than the indiscriminate use of a standard battery of ecotoxicology assays.

TL;DR: In this article, a study with individual recombinant cytochrome P450 (CYP450) isozymes from human liver showed that the principal organo-extractable NADPH-dependent metabolites are the 5-hydroxy (major) and olefin (minor) derivatives from hydroxylation and desaturation of the imidazolidine moiety and the nitrosoimine (major), guanidine, urea, and urea derivatives from reduction and cleavage of the nithroimine substituent.

TL;DR: Advance oxidation methods which utilise ultraviolet light and a photo absorber have been developed and patented, in which both iron salts and sulphite can be used as the photoabsorber.

TL;DR: Evidence will be discussed that carcinogenic metal compounds alter patterns of gene expression leading to stimulated cell proliferation, either by activation of early genes (proto-oncogenes) or by interference with genes downregulating cell growth.

TL;DR: The levels of OP metabolites seen in urine from workers potentially exposed to OPs are generally low and unlikely to cause significant reduction in blood cholinesterase activity.

TL;DR: The metabolic pattern found for these samples points out that pyrethroids are probably ingested orally with daily diet.

TL;DR: TBT is a competitive inhibitor of human aromatase with a Ki approximately 300-fold the K(m(app)) value, indicative of competitive inhibition.

TL;DR: The results suggest that As(III) may alter AP-1 and NF-kappa B activity, in part, by up-regulating Trx and Ref-1.

TL;DR: A toxicological evaluation of endocrine modulators should include an analysis of potential SERM-like properties, because there is evidence that estrogen receptors and other estrogen binding proteins are involved in some rapid, non-genomic effects of estrogens in target cells.

TL;DR: The effects of arsenic exposure showed changes in brain cell membrane function indicated by generation and release of reactive oxygen-nitrogen intermediates, and the possible interference in the neuronal development and differentiation due to the exposure to arsenic during gestation was examined.

TL;DR: In this study, only five of 38 bladder cancer cases occupationally exposed to arylamines were of the slow acetylator genotype, which points to different mechanisms of susceptibility for bladder cancer upon exposure to aromatic amines between European (Caucasian) and Chinese populations.

TL;DR: In vitro methods for the evaluation of cellular immune functions of different leukocyte populations after specific in vivo triggering of the immune system are described and challenge models with bacterial and viral pathogens are presented.

TL;DR: The results suggest that the sensitivity of the rodent uterotrophic assay is not reduced by the use of a diet containing soy isoflavones at commonly encountered levels, but attention should be given to a variable dietary phytoestrogen background.