Showing papers in "Toxicology Letters in 2006"

TL;DR: Different sensitivity was observed for each assay with the neutral red and the MTT assay being the most sensitive in detecting cytotoxic events compared to the LDH leakage and the protein assay.

TL;DR: Results indicate a gender dependent feature of nanotoxicity andKidney, liver and spleen are found to be target organs of nano-copper particles.

TL;DR: It is found that as the degree of sidewall functionalization increases, the single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) sample becomes less cytotoxic.

TL;DR: The toxicity of pristine and oxidized multi-walled carbon nanotubes on human T cells is compared and it is found that the latter are more toxic and induce massive loss of cell viability through programmed cell death at doses of 400 microg/ml, which corresponds to approximately 10 million carbon Nanotubes per cell.

TL;DR: Catalase was able to partially protect macrophages against SWCNT induced elevation of biomarkers of oxidative stress (enhancement of lipid peroxidation and GSH depletion) and the presence of iron in SWC NT may be important in determining redox-dependent responses of macrophage.

TL;DR: It is shown that BPA strongly binds to human estrogen-related receptor gamma (ERRgamma), an orphan receptor and one of 48 human nuclear receptors, which is expressed in a tissue-restricted manner and in the adult in the brain, lung and other tissues.

TL;DR: It is concluded that severe renal damage could occur in the N-Zn treated mice, though no significant change of blood biochemical levels occurred, which indicated that N- Zn powder could cause severe anemia.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that CdSe-core QD treatment of IMR-32 cells induced JNK activation and mitochondrial-dependent apoptotic processes while inhibiting Ras-->ERK survival signaling and that a ZnS coating could effectively reduce QD cytotoxicity.

TL;DR: The IPCS human relevance framework for cancer provides an analytical tool to enable the transparent evaluation of the data, identification of key data gaps, and structured presentation of information that would be of value in the further risk assessment of the compound, even if relevancy cannot be excluded.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that soluble compounds of definite carcinogenic metals and metalloids, such as arsenic, cadmium and nickel, and putative carcinogens, including cobalt and lead, inhibit zinc finger containing DNA repair proteins and can therefore be regarded as a novel molecular mechanism in carcinogenesis.

TL;DR: GD 20/21 rather than GD 19 appears to be the optimal time for investigating changes in anogenital distance, testosterone levels, and testicular histopathology, and although more developmental and especially postnatal studies are needed to clearly identify the reproductive effects of DiBP, this study indicates a reason for concern about the use of Di BP as a substitute for DBP.

TL;DR: The interaction of DON with Caco-2 cells, a widely used in vitro model of the human intestinal barrier, is investigated, suggesting that a chronic exposure to DON contaminated foods may negatively affect human health by altering the intestinal mucosa integrity and by inducing the MAPKs implicated in inflammation.

TL;DR: The incorporation of HAA biomarkers in epidemologic studies will help to clarify the role of these dietary genotoxicants in the etiology of human cancer.

TL;DR: The mutagenicity of AOH may have a bearing on the carcinogenicity of this mycotoxin, and discrimination between small and large colonies in the TK assay revealed the predominant induction of small colonies, which are indicative for extensive chromosomal deletions and which correlated with the induction of micronuclei in MLC.

TL;DR: Oral administered deoxynivalenol was quickly absorbed to an extent of over 50%, highly distributed and only poorly metabolized, whereas the metabolite de-epoxy-DON was found only in the trials with a pre-period of longer than 4 weeks.

TL;DR: Findings indicate that chronic exposure to lanthanum could possibly impair the learning ability and this deficit may be possibly attributed to the disturbance of the homeostasis of trace elements, enzymes and neurotransmitter systems in brain.

TL;DR: A potential biological interaction network for the CSC response in oral cells was derived, proposing novel putative response pathways and may potentially be exploited for determining the severity of exposure and for correcting mutagenic damage in exposed tissues of the oral cavity.

TL;DR: It is found that all particles tested caused DNA damage and those from the subway caused more damage than the other particles (p<0.001) likely due to redox-active iron, and particles collected from an urban street were most potent to induce inflammatory cytokines.

TL;DR: The proposed prioritisation scheme was demonstrated to provide a scientifically robust and pragmatic means of assessing the relative priority of veterinary medicine AIs for further detailed risk assessment regarding human exposure, however, there remain a number of data gaps that, if filled, would improve the accuracy of the resultant prioritisation.

TL;DR: It is revealed that Al induces DNA damage in a dose-dependent manner, however, at the dose of 25 microg/ml the level of damage declined, accompanied by a high level of apoptosis indicating selective elimination of damaged cells.

TL;DR: The results represent an attempt to establish an animal model for in vivo studies of diabetogenic effects of chronic arsenic exposure and the levels of total glutathione and lipoperoxidation in pancreas increased significantly relative to the control group indicating the presence of stress and oxidative damage.

TL;DR: This is the first study to demonstrate region-specific brain cytokine and chemokine mRNA-induction in mice triggered by intranasal instillation of specific-sized ufCB, in a physiologically relevant condition.

TL;DR: It is suggested that lead can induce activation of p53 by DNA damage, which may lead to imbalance of Bax/Bcl-2 and mitochondrial dysfunction, and caspase-3, lead-induced apoptosis occurres.

TL;DR: To study this translocation in an in vitro model three types of pulmonary epithelial cells were examined and the integrity of the cell monolayer was verified by measuring the transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and passage of sodium fluorescein.

TL;DR: In vivo embryotoxicity of 5-fluorouracil was overestimated and a combination of in vitro and in silico techniques appears to be a promising alternative test method for risk assessment of embryotoxic compounds.

TL;DR: The results indicate that the variations in chemicals and their biological effects can be monitored by the appropriate grouping of estrogen-responsive genes, and that the genes related to transcription showed the highest degree of variation for the chemicals with relatively high levels of estrogenic activity.

TL;DR: Results suggest that TNF-alpha is, at least in part, involved in LPS-induced intra-uterine fetal death, intra-utopian growth restriction and skeletal development retardation.

TL;DR: Yeast mutants lacking NTE are viable because they maintain membrane homeostasis by reducing the rate of PtdCho synthesis, and brain neurons and glia in Drosophila NTE-null mutants accumulate PTDCho, have abnormal membrane structures, and finally undergo cell death.

TL;DR: Porcine tissue protein synthesis expressed as fractional synthesis rate (FSR) was significantly reduced in kidneys, spleen and ileum of DON-exposed pigs with effects being less pronounced in the acute oral DON-group.

TL;DR: The overall results suggest that benzo[a]pyrene leads to serious DNA damage, which leads to the transcription of the p53 gene; that the subsequent p53 protein accumulation up-regulates the cellular p21 protein.