Showing papers in "Toxicology Letters in 2015"

TL;DR: Cisplatin is one of the most widely-used drugs to treat cancers, but its nephrotoxic and ototoxic side-effects remain major clinical limitations.

TL;DR: The present review highlights the chemopreventive and therapeutic effects, molecular targets and antineoplastic mechanisms that contribute to the observed anticancer activity of chrysin.

TL;DR: Zhang et al. as mentioned in this paper showed that exposure to nano-ZnO caused liver injury that was reflected by focal hepatocellular necrosis, congestive dilation of central veins, and significantly increased alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminases (AST) levels.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that RES prevents APAP-induced hepatotoxicity by inhibition of CYP-mediated APAP bioactivation and regulation of SIRT1, p53, cyclin D1 and PCNA to facilitate liver regeneration following AP AP-induced liver injury.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluated the cytotoxicity of three GO samples with various oxidation degrees on mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs) and found that the less oxidized GO produced a higher level of reactive oxygen species (ROS).

TL;DR: The VirtualToxLab is an in silico technology for estimating the toxic potential--endocrine and metabolic disruption, some aspects of carcinogenicity and cardiotoxicity--of drugs, chemicals and natural products by interactively analyzing the binding mode of a compound with its target protein(s) in real-time 3D.

TL;DR: Data from this study suggested that even at low dose of TiO2 NPs can induce adverse cardiovascular effects after 30 days or 90 days of oral exposure, thus warranting concern for the dietary intake of TiNPs for consumers.

TL;DR: This study found no evidence that nanoparticulate titanium dioxide is more likely to be absorbed in the gut than micron-sized particles, and compared nanoparticle behaviour with that of larger particles.

TL;DR: The effect of subchronic oral intake of 5ppm and 50ppm of cadmium on immune responses in the gut was examined in rats and Stimulation of immune activities of MLN cells have, most probably, resulted from sensing of Cadmium-induced tissue injury, but also from bacterial antigens that breached compromised intestinal barrier.

TL;DR: A general metabolism pathway for EHDPHP in humans and a number of candidate biomarkers for assessing the human exposure to this ubiquitous phosphate flame retardant and plasticizer in future biomonitoring studies are proposed.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors show that chronic ethanol exposure increased intestinal miR122a expression, which decreased occludin expression leading to increased intestinal permeability, and probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) supplementation decreased ethanol-elevated miR 122a level and attenuated ethanol-induced liver injury in mice.

TL;DR: The results suggest that EF24 suppresses melanoma metastasis via upregulating miR-33b and concomitantly reducing HMGA2 expression, which supports its further evaluation as an anti-metastatic agent in melanoma therapy.

TL;DR: It is suggested that TBT leads to adiposity in WAT specifically, impairing the metabolic functions of the liver and pancreas and increasing the glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity tests.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors demonstrated that rotenone increased the intracellular calcium levels and induced the aggregation and phosphorylation of α-synuclein in a calcium-dependent manner.

TL;DR: In vitro protective effects of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) on cell signaling pathways in human umbilical vein endothelial cells exposed to palmitic acid confirmed the hypothesis that natural Nrf2 inducers, such as C3G, might be a potential therapeutic strategy to protect vascular system against various stressors preventing several pathological conditions.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that Cyn is a potent activator of the AhR-Nrf2-Nqo1 pathway, and could therefore be applied to prevention of UVB-induced photo aging.

TL;DR: Results indicate that 10mM APAP significantly influences the expression of mitochondrial protein-encoding genes in association with an increase in mitochondrial ROS formation and the associated APAP-induced oxidative stress.

TL;DR: Compared to control animals, IL-4 content was elevated in the fetal portion of the placenta in rats exposed to air pollution before and during pregnancy, suggesting that a placental inflammatory reaction may have occurred in response to exposure to fine particulate matter.

TL;DR: A review of the recent research progress of the molecular mechanism of microcystin toxicity focuses on the role of PP2A in MC-LR toxicity, which will contribute to a better understanding of the mechanism, and will provide biomarkers for toxicity assessment and control.

TL;DR: The results indicate that in utero exposure to DINP affects the expression levels of some fetal Leydig cell steroidogenic genes, gonocyte multinucleation and Leydigs cell aggregation.

TL;DR: Data of this study have indicated that lead exposure could trigger or induce abnormal microgliosis and astrogliogenesis in the hippocampus of young mice through triggering TLR4-MyD88-NFκB signaling cascades, which might possibly thereafter disturb hippocampal neurogenesis and functional plasticity.

TL;DR: Novel insights are provided into understanding the mechanisms and functions of FTY720-induced apoptosis, necroptosis and autophagy in human glioblastoma cells.

TL;DR: Results suggest that indoxyl sulfate-induced cardiomyocytes hypertrophy was partly due to the inhibition of AMPK/UCP2 signaling and the enhancement of oxidative stress.

TL;DR: Overall, this study suggests that BPA exposure during early life can result in generational transmission of glucose intolerance and β-cell dysfunction in the offspring through male germ line, which is associated with hypermethylation of Igf2 in islets.

TL;DR: Results show similarities in the different metabolite profiles and a rapid equilibrium between urine and plasma levels; data should help interpret the significance of biological measurements and optimal sampling strategies.

TL;DR: PM2.5 exposure leads to oxidative stress impairment via PI3K/Akt signaling pathway on male reproduction in rats, with noticeable decreased fertility, significantly reduced sperm count, increased sperm abnormality rate and severe testicular damage in histomorphology.

TL;DR: ZEA determined the over expression of ITGB5 gene, essential against the attachment and adhesion of ETEC to porcine jejunal cells and of TFF2 implicated in mucosal protection, and demonstrates the carcinogenic potential of ZEA.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that benzo[a]pyrene enhances breast cancer cell migration and invasion by up-regulating ROS-induced ERK signaling, leading to the activation of matrix metalloproteinases 9.

TL;DR: The zebrafish embryo (ZFE) model is at least as comparable to traditional models in identifying hepatotoxic activity and has the potential for use as a pre-screen to determine the hepatot toxic potential of compounds.

TL;DR: The present review based on recent literature aims at discussing the food-drug interactions with direct impact on efficacy and toxicity of drugs.