Showing papers in "Toxicon in 1998"

TL;DR: The most effective of these is the antibiotic rifampin (a drug approved for clinical use), which protects mice and rats against microcystin-induced lethality when given prophylactically and, in some cases, therapeutically.

TL;DR: This review is focused on those venom constituents which affect the blood coagulation pathway, endothelial cells, and platelets, and contains a large number of disintegrins, which act as fibrinogen receptor (integrin GPIIb/IIIa) antagonists.

TL;DR: The compact and robust nature of this motif makes it an excellent scaffold for the design and engineering of novel polypeptides with enhanced activity against existing targets, or with activity against novel targets.

TL;DR: Although the time during which the action of antivenom remains beneficial after the bite is unknown, the superiority of intravenous administration has now been proved and the future of immunotherapy seems promising.

TL;DR: The symptoms of human poisoning and the changes in toxin concentrations in different organs are summarized, and certain antagonists and protective compounds are reviewed, bearing in mind that today these have more of a theoretical than a practical role.

TL;DR: It is shown that part of the functional site of foreign proteins can be grafted on an animal toxin scaffold, opening new perspectives in the domain of protein engineering.

TL;DR: Despite differences in their pharmacokinetic profiles, equine whole IgG and F(ab')2 antivenoms show similar efficacy in the neutralization of edema, hemorrhage and myonecrosis induced by B. asper venom, suggesting that the use of antivenom made of antibody fragments may not improveneutralization of these effects.

TL;DR: It is shown that MCYST causes apoptosis in a variety of mammalian cells, and DNA fragmentation and "ladder" formation occurred in most cell types exposed to MCY ST.

TL;DR: Two invertebrate metalloproteinases in L. intermedia venom with different specificities one gelatinolytic and another, fibronectin and fibrinogenolytic, probably involved in the harmful effects of the venom.

TL;DR: It is shown that lyophilization of autolysis isolated nematocysts is an effective method of transporting the venom and retained lethality and native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (NPAGE) are used in this study.

TL;DR: Fifteen metals have been investigated using inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) on 92 specimens of mushrooms collected in France, in the Paris region, revealing that different mechanisms are involved depending on fungi species and genera besides physicochemical influences.

TL;DR: The present investigation explored the possible venom neutralizing effect of a pure compound isolated and purified from the methanolic root extract of Hemidesmus indicus R.Rr.

TL;DR: Salmon hepatocytes in suspension culture provide a rapid and sensitive system for detection of a broad range of apoptogenic toxins.

TL;DR: Synthetic genes encoding non-toxic, carboxyl-terminal regions (approximately 50 kDa) of botulinum neurotoxin serotypes A and B were constructed and cloned into the methylotropic yeast, Pichia pastoris and evaluated for their ability to elicit protective antibody titers in vivo.

TL;DR: Immunochemical experiments indicated the presence in the alpha-latrotoxin molecule of distinguishable functional domains responsible for ionophoric and secretogenic actions, and the highly purified preparation of alpha-Latrotoxin was shown to contain an additional component, a low molecular weight protein structurally related to crustacean hyperglycemic hormones.

TL;DR: M-VI was devoid of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity on egg yolk, but could induce drastic necrosis on skeletal muscle fibres as well as rapid and transient edema on the rat paw, and revealed high homology with other Lys 49 PLA2-like myotoxins from other bothropic venoms.

TL;DR: The inhibition of protein phosphatase 1 and 2A activity correlated with the growth inhibition and the seedlings were shown to take up 3H-dihydromicrocystin-LR derived radioactivity up to a level corresponding to ca.

TL;DR: Crotamine induced a time-dose dependent analgesic effect which was inhibited by naloxone, thus suggesting an opioid action mechanism, and was identified as its major antinociceptive low molecular weight peptide component from Crotalus durissus venom.

TL;DR: The adjuvant effect and antiserum potentiation of a compound 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy benzoic acid, isolated and purified from the Indian medicinal plant Hemidesmus indicus R. Br, possessed antisnake venom activity raised the possibility of the use of chemical antagonists against snake bite, which may provide a better protection in presence of antisersum, especially in the rural parts of India.

TL;DR: In this paper, two groups of neurotoxins, the dendrotoxins and the muscarinic toxins (MTs), were used to explore the involvement of subtypes of potassium ion channels and muscaric receptors, respectively, in processes involved in cognition and the changes in neuronal properties with aging.

TL;DR: Data revealed that cytokines are involved in the pathogenesis of scorpion envenomation and correlated with the severity of en venomation, which may provide a rationale for anticytokine treatment.

TL;DR: Two new toxins were purified from Leiurus quinquestriatus hebraeus (Lqh) scorpion venom, Lqh II and LqH III, which represent two different scorpion toxin groups, the alpha- and alpha-like toxins, respectively, according to the structural and pharmacological criteria.

TL;DR: It is indicated that the state of shock produced in mice by whole endotoxin-free L. intermedia venom or by its purified fraction, protein F35, mimics the endotoxemic shock, that susceptibility to the systemic effects of the venom varies among mice of different haplotypes and that the pattern of in vivo cytokine release resembles that of endotoxical shock.

TL;DR: These myotoxins are important edema-forming components of B. asper venom, enzymatic activity is not a strict requirement to exert this effect, although in the case of myotoxin III it contributes to its development, and several inflammatory mediators participate in mouse foot pad edema induced by these myOToxins.

TL;DR: The removal of microcystins LR, YR and YA from contaminated water was investigated using an experimental laboratory-scale photocatalytic 'falling film' reactor in which an oxygen purge, UV radiation and semiconductor titanium dioxide (TiO2) catalyst were used to oxidatively decompose the microcyStin pollutants.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a list of the toxins known up to date in Mexican waters including: neurotoxin shellfish poisoning (NSP), paralytic shellfish poison (PSP), amnesic shellfish toxin poisoning (ASP), tetrodotoxin (TTX), puffer fish poisoning, ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP), and diarrhetic shellfish toxicity (DSP).

TL;DR: Venom obtained from fresh captured specimens of this fish was tested in vitro or in animal models for a better characterization of its toxic activities and all venom toxic activities except edema were completely neutralized after in vitro incubation with anti-T.

TL;DR: Red back spiderAntivenom is the most commonly used antivenom, with reports of usage being greater than for all other antivenoms combined, and clinical experience suggests only 20% of red back spider bites require antivenOM therapy.