Showing papers in "Transactions of The American Institute of Electrical Engineers in 1906"
18 citations
10 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that in a circuit containing no iron, the sine current which flows lags 90° behind the impressed sine electromotive force and represents no power, the power-factor being zero.
Abstract: It is well known that in a circuit containing no iron an impressed sinusoidal electromotive force will cause a sinusoidal current to flow, the current lagging behind the impressed electromotive force by an amount depending upon the relative values of the resistance and inductance, which in this case is constant. Assuming inductance alone in the circuit, the sine current which flows lags 90° behind the sine electromotive force and represents no power, the power-factor (cos 90°) being zero.
7 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an attempt is made to outline the most dominant characteristic of lightning as manifested on electric circuits and recent investigation as to what characteristics protective devices should possess and to what degree they have been found in practice to possess them.
Abstract: Owing to the peculiar nature of lightning and similar disturbances, a variety of opinions continues to exist concerning their action and the usefulness of various devices for protecting against them. In this paper, an attempt is made to outline the most dominant characteristic of lightning as manifested on electric circuits and recent investigation as to what characteristics protective devices should possess and to what degree they have been found in practice to possess them.
6 citations
4 citations
3 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the first detector of Hertz, consisting of a minute spark-gap and loop of wire, used in 1887, was used for wireless telegraph receivers.
Abstract: Improvements in wireless telegraph receivers have been much more numerous than in the sending apparatus. Since the first detector of Hertz, consisting of a minute spark-gap and loop of wire, used in 1887, there has been a very marked improvement. This improvement has not extended to the sending apparatus, for this apparatus is practically the same to-day as that employed by Hertz, differing mostly in magnitude and in the fact that one side of the oscillator is connected to ground.
2 citations
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that every electrical factory occasionally produces an alternator of a size that does not admit of a heat-test under normal conditions of operation, unless there happens to be another alternator with about the same capacity and voltage entering the testing floor at the same time.
Abstract: Every electrical factory occasionally produces an alternator of a size that does not admit of a heat-test under normal conditions of operation, unless there happens to be another alternator of about the same capacity and voltage entering the testing floor at the same time.
2 citations
TL;DR: In this article, Mershon discusses the difficulty of finding a natural repetition of the phenomena of lightning, due to the number and variability of the elements on which they depend, and the fact that the conditions existing in practice cannot be controlled and the elements involved are so enormous, numerous and variable that it is impossible to reproduce them.
Abstract: Ralph D. Mershon: There is probably no other natural force amongst those with which modern engineering has to deal of which so little is intimately known as of lightning. In most engineering problems it is possible to control and reproduce at will the conditions actually existing in practice, and thus study the phenomena resulting therefrom; or, if this is not possible, there is a natural repetition of the phenomena of sufficient regularity so that they can be studied and traced back to the elements on which they depend. With lightning this is not so. The conditions existing in practice cannot be controlled, and the elements involved are so enormous, numerous, and variable that it is impossible to reproduce them. The natural repetition of phenomena is at such irregular intervals, and the phenomena, when they do occur, are apparently so erratic, due to the number and variability of the elements on which they depend, that no satisfactory searching study has been made of them.
2 citations
TL;DR: Pupin this paper pointed out that if there must be a new name for each new detector, pretty soon the science of electrotechnics will be a maze of new names; and the learning of the names will be much more difficult than learning the facts connected with the art.
Abstract: Michael I. Pupin: I have had some experience in the constructing of detectors of electrical waves. I always call them detectors, because, as a friend of mine said the other day, there are so many various detectors now that one is tempted to believe that anything will do to detect an electrical wave. In the course of the development of the art of telephony, any schoolboy could make a telephone that would receive electrical impulses; so in wireless telegraph work, the number of detectors seems to be increasing indefinitely — good, bad, and indifferent detectors appearing indiscriminately. If there must be a new name for each new detector — a new name for everything that comes up in the course of the development of the electrical art — pretty soon the science of electrotechnics will be a maze of new names; and the learning of the names will be much more difficult than the learning of the facts connected with the art. For that reason I am opposed to new names. Although Dr. De Forest is very enthusiastic about the elegance of the name audion, I must say that I am not very much impressed by it. It is a mongrel. It is a Latin word with a Greek ending. If he had said acouion or acousticon it might have been better, but more difficult to pronounce.
1 citations
TL;DR: The characteristic of the type of mercury vacuum apparatus, invented and developed by Mr. Peter Cooper Hewitt, which distinguishes it most clearly from other forms of vacuum tubes, is its power of passing a comparatively large continuous current with a constant and comparatively insignificant voltage loss as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The characteristic of the type of mercury vacuum apparatus, invented and developed by Mr. Peter Cooper Hewitt, which distinguishes it most clearly from other forms of vacuum tubes, is its power of passing a comparatively large continuous current with a constant and comparatively insignificant voltage loss. There are, of course, other important features of this mercury vapor apparatus characteristic to it, such as the negative electrode starting resistance; the disintegrating, reconstructing negative electrode, etc.
TL;DR: In this article, the actions of the multigap series resistance type of arrester unit and the multiigap unit without the series resistance, experienced during the years 1904 and 1905 on a 33 000-volt transmission system operated by the New Milford Power Company, of Connecticut.
Abstract: In this paper will be related the actions of the multigap series resistance type of arrester unit, and the multigap type of arrester unit without the series resistance, experienced during the years 1904 and 1905 on a 33 000-volt transmission system operated by the New Milford Power Company, of New Milford, Connecticut.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Steinmetz and Bedell as mentioned in this paper showed that wave-shape distortion produced in alternating-current circuits by the introduction of iron can lead to effects not only very marked and pronounced but occasionally disastrous.
Abstract: Charles Proteus Steinmetz: This paper deals with the wave-shape distortion produced in alternating-current circuits by the introduction of iron. It is a theoretical paper, and while of scientific interest appears at first of rather little-practical value to the electrical engineer. There is, however, to-day only a very short step between pure scientific investigation and engineering practice; and I hope to show you that the phenomena dealt with in this paper, and similar phenomena, are of very great practical importance in alternating-current distribution; that is, wave-shape distortion may lead to effects not only very marked and pronounced but occasionally disastrous. In general, in investigating the effect of iron in alternating-current circuits, the curve of exciting current is calculated from the hysteresis cycle of the iron. Dr. Bedell proceeds inversely by superposing different harmonics of current. From these complex currents he produces a hysteresis loop, noting whether this hysteresis loop is a reasonable one or not, and deriving therefrom relations regarding the relative intensity and phase of the triple harmonic in the wave of exciting current. As far as the investigation goes, it extends only to the fundamental and triple harmonics; the investigation of higher harmonics is left to a future occasion.
TL;DR: There are certain practices now so general in underground cable work for light and power in America as to be almost standard as discussed by the authors, and some of these practices may be examined with advantage. But this is not the case in this paper.
Abstract: There are certain practices now so general in underground cable work for light and power in America as to be almost standard. Some of these practices may be examined with advantage.