Showing papers in "Transactions of The American Institute of Electrical Engineers in 1910"
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that the electric strength of air has become a limiting factor in the long distance transmission of power, due to the increase in values of transmission voltage, and of improvements in highvoltage apparatus and line insulators.
Abstract: Air is the commonest and most widely used of insulators. Its insulating characteristics are remarkably good; it has low specific inductive capacity, very low conductivity, and an electric strength or resistance to rupture which until recently has met all the demands of the electrical engineer. As a result of the increase in values of transmission voltage, however, and of improvements in high-voltage apparatus and line insulators, the electric strength of air has become a limiting factor in the long distance transmission of power.
27 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the problem of producing a ductile form of tungsten was addressed, and the results showed that the material was very hard and brittle and could not be filed without detriment to the file, and at ordinary temperatures, very brittle.
Abstract: When work was first started on the problem of producing a ductile form of tungsten, the metal looked very uncompromising. It was so hard that it could not be filed without detriment to the file, and was, at ordinary temperatures, very brittle.
21 citations
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TL;DR: In the distribution of electricity for lighting and power purposes over a large city, the maximum demand of the day upon the distributing system varies from day to day during the week, and from month to month during the year as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: In the distribution of electricity for lighting and power purposes over a large city, the maximum demand of the day upon the distributing system varies from day to day during the week, and from month to month during the year. The varying length of the day due to changing seasons, the habits of the population served, and the character of the district, whether residence, mercantile or manufacturing, combine to produce this situation.
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TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that high frequency oscillations and other disturbances of limited power do not exert as high a disruptive effect, at least on oil and solid insulation, as should be expected from their voltage.
Abstract: Experience with high voltage transmissions and distributions shows that high frequency oscillations and other disturbances of limited power do not exert as high a disruptive effect, at least on oil and solid insulation, as should be expected from their voltage. Discharges have been observed between the terminals of high-potential oil transformers through the air, which require voltages far beyond those which the transformer insulation could stand, and the absence of a break-down of the transformer could not always be explained by the screening effect of the reactance of the transformer leads.
6 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe some of the new methods and apparatus which have been developed in response to the demands of modern engineering work for precise alternating current measurements, have outstripped the capabilities of the older methods of measurements.
Abstract: In common with other laboratories, the Electrical Testing-Laboratories have found that the more exacting demands of modern engineering work for precise alternating current measurements, have outstripped the capabilities of the older methods of measurements. It is the purpose of this paper to describe certain of the new methods and apparatus which have been developed in response to these demands.
6 citations
6 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a description of the apparatus used and its method of operation in modern telephone plants, including the Strowger type with or without the addition of Keith line switches.
Abstract: The writer presented a paper before the annual convention of the Institute in 1908, dealing with automatic telephone equipment from an economic viewpoint.∗ The present paper will therefore be principally devoted to a description of the apparatus used and its method of operation in modern plants. Although there are several different types of automatic telephone equipment upon the market or being developed, practically all of the working plants use apparatus of the “Strowger” type with or without the addition of Keith line switches. Since this paper must be confined to one system, only the one which is extensively used will be discussed. The description will begin with a short reference to the subscriber's station equipment.
TL;DR: In this article, it was pointed out that the imaginary component of vector power, or so-called "wattless power" is, in a restricted sense, just as much power, and just as wattful, as the real component.
Abstract: It has long been known that in any simple alternating-current circuit, the current and voltage may be conveniently regarded as rotatable vector quantities. 1 It is also known that the power in such circuits is not to be regarded as the vector product of the rotating vector voltage and rotating vector current. 2 It does not seem to have been pointed out, however, that, under certain restrictions, it is proper to regard the power in an alternating-current circuit as a non-rotating vector quantity. Moreover, it does not appear to be generally known, although the fact has not escaped notice, that the imaginary component of vector power, or so-called “wattless power” is, in a restricted sense, just as much power, and just as “wattful” as the real component. 3
TL;DR: In this article, the usual rules for proportioning electrodes for electric furnaces have been based on such factors as allowable current densities, least practicable resistance (hence shortness and large section), lowest heat conduction, the summation of losses due to the electric resistance and to the Heat Conduction to get the total, etc.
Abstract: Introductory. The usual rules for proportioning electrodes for electric furnaces have been based on such factors as allowable current densities, least practicable resistance (hence shortness and large section), lowest heat conduction, the summation of losses due to the electric resistance and to the heat conduction to get the total, etc.
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TL;DR: The first commerical metal-filament lamp was the osmium lamp as discussed by the authors, which had a good commercial life at 1.5 watts per c-p, and were used in considerable quantity in Vienna and Berlin where they were made.
Abstract: The first commerical metal-filament lamp was the osmium lamp, the filaments of which were made of osmium. They had a good commercial life at 1.5 watts per c-p., and were used in considerable quantity in Vienna and Berlin where they were made. They were not shipped to distant points, as the filaments were very fragile, and the metal osmium was so valuable that it was desirable to recover all the lamps after they had burned out.
TL;DR: The difficulty of operating three-phase star-connected generators with their neutrals in parallel, was most forcibly brought to the attention of the engineering world when the company with which I am connected attempted to operate its plants in this manner.
Abstract: Neutral Currents The difficulty of operating three-phase star-connected generators with their neutrals in parallel, was most forcibly brought to the attention of the engineering world when the company with which I am connected attempted to operate its plants in this manner. The various phenomena of this attempt have been fully described by C. W. Ricker (Experience with a Grounded Neutral on a High-tension Plant, Electric Journal, September, 1906) and by the writer (Experience with a Grounded Neutral on the High Tension System of the Interborough Rapid Transit Company, Transactions A.I.E.E., Vol. XXVI, Part II, page 1605).
TL;DR: In this article, the question of why we should not have a central station larger than most of those of to-day and then let the very large station supply the comparatively small plants with all the possible advantages due to size and combination is investigated.
Abstract: We have heard an account of electric power plants planned for each mill to have its own plant. Now, even if the 2000 h.p. plant is of a size greater than the majority of electric central stations, nevertheless the question at once arises why should we not have a central station larger than most of those of to-day and then let the very large station supply the comparatively small plants with all the possible advantages due to size and combination. This is the question on which I shall dwell.
TL;DR: The Los Angeles aqueduct extends from the intake in Owens valley, about 12 miles north of the town of Independence, to the storage reservoirs at the head of the San Fernando valley about 24 miles distant from the city of Los Angeles, from which point the city water department will take care of the distribution of the water as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The Los Angeles aqueduct extends from the intake in Owens valley, about 12 miles north of the town of Independence, to the storage reservoirs at the head of the San Fernando valley, about 24 miles distant from the city of Los Angeles, from which point the city water department will take care of the distribution of the water. The length of the aqueduct proper is, therefore, 240 miles.
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TL;DR: The oil switch has become a fundamental part of all large generating systems, and so well has it fulfilled its function that not only has it superseded practically all other forms of switches for such service at all voltages, but manufacturers unhesitatingly claim that it can be constructed so as to safely open short circuits under the worst possible conditions in systems of unlimited kilowatt capacities, the only limiting condition, of course, being that the consumer be willing to pay for it.
Abstract: The oil switch has become a fundamental part of all large generating systems, and so well has it fulfilled its function that not only has it superseded practically all other forms of switches for such service at all voltages, but manufacturers unhesitatingly claim that it can be constructed so as to safely open short circuits under the worst possible conditions in systems of unlimited kilowatt capacities, the only limiting condition, of course, being that the consumer be willing to pay for it.
TL;DR: The greatest incentive to the development and construction of hydroelectric transmission systems has been high fuel costs as mentioned in this paper, particularly in California, where, until the discovery of oil a few years ago, practically every industry using steam as a motive power had to depend on coal imported from Australia or British Columbia.
Abstract: The greatest incentive to the development and construction of hydroelectric transmission systems has been high fuel costs. This is particularly true in California, where, until the discovery of oil a few years ago, practically every industry using steam as a motive power had to depend on coal imported from Australia or British Columbia.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors deal with the employment of electric power, derived from hydroelectric systems of distribution, for the operation of textile mills, and no attempt will be made to discuss the forms of drives, kind of motors or any other technical details, since any one of the more important ones would require a special paper to do it justice.
Abstract: It is the purpose of this paper to deal especially with the employment of electric power, derived from hydroelectric systems of distribution, for the operation of textile mills. It is impossible in a paper of this kind to go very fully into detail, and no attempt will be made to discuss the forms of drives, kind of motors or, in fact, any other technical details, since any one of the more important ones would require a special paper to do it justice.