Showing papers in "Transactions of The American Institute of Electrical Engineers in 1937"
TL;DR: In this article, the exact method of calculating the capacitance of a parallel-plate air condenser, taking into account its fringing effect, has been suggested by J. J. Thomson and A. E. Love.
Abstract: AN EXACT method of calculating the capacitance of a parallel-plate air condenser, taking into account its fringing effect, has been suggested by J. J. Thomson
1
and more completely worked out by A. E. H. Love.
2
The purpose of this paper is to promote familiarity with this mathematical technique by making it more readily accessible to American engineers. In addition to the exact method, a number of approximate methods are included.
145 citations
TL;DR: In this article, series capacitors for the compensation of line drop in power circuits have found increasing use because improved and automatic voltage regulation can, in many cases, be obtained more economically by this method than by any other means.
Abstract: IN THE past several years series capacitors for the compensation of line drop in power circuits have found increasing use,1–9 because improved and automatic voltage regulation can, in many cases, be obtained more economically by this method than by any other means.
112 citations
TL;DR: An extension of the 2-reaction theory of synchronous machines as developed by R. H. Park is given in this paper for machines having capacitance in the armature circuit.
Abstract: An extension of the 2-reaction theory of synchronous machines as developed by R. H. Park is given in this paper for machines having capacitance in the armature circuit. General equations for predetermination of the performance under certain abnormal conditions of machines having balanced 3-phase capacitance in the aramture circuit are presented.
79 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors' closure of a paper by R D Evans and A C Monteith published in the June 1937 issue, pages 695-705, and presented for oral discussion at the power transmission session of the summer convention, Milwaukee, Wis, June 22,1937
Abstract: Discussion and authors' closure of a paper by R D Evans and A C Monteith published in the June 1937 issue, pages 695–705, and presented for oral discussion at the power transmission session of the summer convention, Milwaukee, Wis, June 22,1937
35 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a rigorous mathematical analysis of a synchronous machine with solid cylindrical rotor is presented, which embodies a departure from the usual method of considering machine performance by means of circuit theory, and presents an attack from the point of view of field-distribution theory.
Abstract: In this paper a rigorous mathematical analysis of a synchronous machine with solid cylindrical rotor is presented. The analysis embodies a departure from the usual method of considering machine performance by means of circuit theory, and presents an attack from the point of view of field-distribution theory. Such an analysis is desirable, for it provides a definite means of considering the effect of eddy currents in the solid iron rotor.
35 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a summary of the results of over 2,000 tests on the dielectric strength of transformer oil and insulating material for impulse, switching, and 60-cycle voltages is presented.
Abstract: This paper presents a summary of the results of over 2,000 tests on the dielectric strength of transformer oil and insulating material for impulse, switching, and 60-cycle voltages. From these tests the voltage-time characteristics of the 2 insulations tested may be established over the entire range from a fraction of a microsecond to more than one minute.
34 citations
31 citations
TL;DR: This educational paper presents fundamental concepts of synchronous machine reactances in a form suitable for college seniors and recent graduates.
Abstract: This educational paper presents fundamental concepts of synchronous machine reactances in a form suitable for college seniors and recent graduates. Part I builds up the ``physical concepts'' of flux linkage and inductance, part II applies the concepts to synchronous machines, developing a physical picture of machine reactances. Part III starts with the fundamental circuit differential equations of a machine and obtains expressions for the reactances in terms of self- and mutual inductances, ending with the machine equations in the direct, quadrature, and zero axes, which give a physical picture of the machine ``viewed'' from these axes.
27 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors developed the theory of matrix algebra from the foundations, and emphasized the use of this powerful method in engineering problems by using some fundamental theorems on matrices not usually found in texts.
Abstract: IT IS THE purpose of this paper to develop in a concise and simple manner the theory of matrix algebra from the foundations, and to emphasize the use of this powerful method in engineering problems. It appears not to be a well-known fact among engineers that the matrix is not only a convenient notation that summarizes in a natural and convenient form whole groups of operations but that it is actually possible to solve the sets of differential or algebraic equations written in matrix form in a most convenient manner. The method by which this is done is one of the utmost simplicity but makes use of some fundamental theorems on matrices not usually found in texts. The theory is scattered throughout the mathematical literature. It has, therefore, been considered worth while in the interest of unity and simplicity to build the subject from the foundations. It thus requires no previous knowledge of matrix algebra for the understanding of this paper. The recent work of Kron, Sah, and others using the notation of tensors and dyadics in studying the behavior of circuits and machinery suggests the power and flexibility of more advanced mathematical methods in expressing the behavior of physical systems. A perusal of this paper will illustrate that the matrix appears to be a natural tool to employ in the solution of certain classes of problems.
26 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an equation that relates the change of shape of a traveling wave to the corona loss on the line at normal operating frequency was proposed to make possible the prediction of the attenuation and distortion of lightning waves on transmission lines.
Abstract: In order to make possible the prediction of the attenuation and distortion of lightning waves on transmission lines an equation is proposed that relates the change of shape of a traveling wave to the corona loss on the line at normal operating frequency. Results obtained by computation from this formula are compared with experimental results of various investigators.
24 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors presented data on spark-over values of rod gaps, insulators, bushings, sphere gaps, and solid insulation for a range of sparkover times of approximately from 0.2 to 4 microseconds.
Abstract: In this paper data are presented on spark-over values of rod gaps, insulators, bushings, sphere gaps, and solid insulation for a range of spark-over times of approximately from 0.2 to 4 microseconds. The problems of accurate measurement that are involved are also discussed, and a shielded resistance voltage divider is described.
TL;DR: The theory of electrostatic precipitation has been reviewed briefly in this paper, and a new precipitator is described, as well as its application in medicine for the treatment of such maladies as hay fever.
Abstract: The cleaning action upon gases of a corona discharge has been known since 1824, however, the technique of electrostatic precipitation has been improved slowly because of the inherent difficulties of the process and the somewhat limited field of its application. With accurately controlled industrial processes and delicate laboratory measurements came the necessary incentive for improving electrostatic precipitation equipment, and recently it has been applied in the field of medicine for the treatment of such maladies as hay fever. The theory of electrostatic precipitation is reviewed briefly in this paper, and a new precipitator is described.
TL;DR: A review of advances in the design of high-speed cathode-ray oscillographs and a description of the development, performance, and application of a new type oscillograph is presented in this paper.
Abstract: A historical review of advances in the design of highspeed cathode-ray oscillographs and in particular a description of the development, performance, and application of a new type oscillograph is presented in this paper. The new instrument embodies a sealed-glass, high-vacuum, hot-cathode, cathode-ray tube for operation at 15,000 volts.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe a circuit breakers that can be replaced following a fault on a high-voltage transmission line with a minimum delay in order that synchronous load will not fall out of step.
Abstract: Reclosure of circuit breakers following a fault on a high-voltage transmission line with a minimum of delay in order that synchronous load will not fall out of step is described in this paper. Apparatus that performs a complete operation in approximately 20 cycles on a 60-cycle system may be used to obtain a high degree of service continuity from a single-circuit transmission line.
TL;DR: A large percentage of secondary cable faults in distribution networks "burn clear" rapidly as mentioned in this paper, where the short-circuit current to the fault has not persisted for a sufficiently long period of time to raise the temperature of the cable conductor on either side of the fault to a high enough temperature to fuse, or permanently damage adjacent cable insulation.
Abstract: A LARGE PERCENTAGE of secondary cable faults in distribution networks “burn clear” rapidly. In such cases, the short-circuit current to the fault has not persisted for a sufficiently long period of time to raise the temperature of the cable conductor on either side of the fault to a high enough temperature to fuse, or permanently damage adjacent cable insulation. However, not even the most optimistic treatises on “burnoff” have ever asserted that all secondary cable faults are of this accommodating type. Furthermore, the fault consists of an electric arc between a number of energized copper conductors confined in the small space of the duct, surrounded by masses of molten metal and with water frequently present. Under such a combination of conditions, who can contend that the fault can be depended upon to always clear in time to protect the insulation of cables supplying the fault current?
TL;DR: In this article, a single cup-like moving element is used in place of multiple disks as used heretofore, the polyphase function being obtained by the use of multiple poles. But this is not the case in our case.
Abstract: Increased speed because of reduced inertia and greater torque is obtained from the polyphase directional relay described in this paper. A single cup-like moving element is used in place of multiple disks as used heretofore, the polyphase function being obtained by the use of multiple poles.
TL;DR: In modern power transformers, the eddy-current loss is approximately 1/4 to 1/3 of the total loss as discussed by the authors, which is the same as the hysteresis loss.
Abstract: CORE LOSS in laminated structures subjected to an alternating magnetomotive force is made up of a hysteresis loss and an eddy-current loss. In modern power transformers the eddy-current loss is approximately 1/4 to 1/3 of the total loss.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors point out that much of the noise present in electrical motors is due to poor manufacturing methods, such as uneven air gaps, loose bearings, brush noise, or loose rotor bars.
Abstract: Much of the noise present in electrical motors is due to poor manufacture. Careless or inaccurate manufacturing methods often show up in some manner as uneven air gaps, loose bearings, brush noise, or loose rotor bars.
TL;DR: In this article, a purely empirical method of corona loss calculation has been developed, based on analysis and co-ordination of the experimental data which have been accumulated at Stanford University.
Abstract: It is difficult to find a mathematical formula which will fully agree with observed data on corona loss under all conditions. Therefore, a purely empirical method of corona loss calculation has been developed, based on analysis and co-ordination of the experimental data which have been accumulated at Stanford University.
TL;DR: Beckwith as discussed by the authors presented at the power generation and electrical machinery session of the summer convention, Milwaukee, Wis., June 24, 1937, and published in the July 1937 issue, pages 813-18.
Abstract: Discussion and author's closure of a paper by Sterling Beckwith presented at the power generation and electrical machinery session of the summer convention, Milwaukee, Wis., June 24, 1937, and published in the July 1937 issue, pages 813–18.
TL;DR: Wagner as discussed by the authors presented a paper by C. F. Wagner published on pages 1385-95 of volume 56, 1937, AIEE TRANSACTIONS (November 1937 issue of ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING) and presented for oral discussion at the electrical machinery session of the winter convention, New York, N. Y., January 27, 1938.
Abstract: Discussion and author's closure of a paper by C. F. Wagner published on pages 1385–95 of volume 56, 1937, AIEE TRANSACTIONS (November 1937 issue of ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING) and presented for oral discussion at the electrical machinery session of the winter convention, New York, N. Y., January 27, 1938.
TL;DR: The photoelectric hysteresigraph described in this paper is an instrument which can readily record initial magnetization curves or any desired symmetrical or unsymmetrical hystresis loops.
Abstract: GRAPHICAL RECORDING of hysteresis loops or magnetization curves by means of a hysteresigraph is in many instances a much more convenient way of obtaining desired magnetic data than is the usual ballistic method. Unsymmetrical hysteresis loops, for example, may require considerable laborious procedure if obtained in the usual manner, but are easily recorded by some types of hysteresigraphs. The photoelectric hysteresigraph described herein is an instrument which readily records initial magnetization curves or any desired symmetrical or unsymmetrical hysteresis loops.
TL;DR: In this article, a paper by C. R. Mason was presented for oral discussion at the development of protective equipment session of the Pacific Coast convention, Spokane, Wash., Ausust 31,1937.
Abstract: Discussion of a paper by C. R. Mason published in the July 1937 issue, pages 823–32, and presented for oral discussion at the development of protective equipment session of the Pacific Coast convention, Spokane, Wash., Ausust 31,1937.