Showing papers in "Transactions of The Indian Ceramic Society in 2017"
TL;DR: In this paper, the results of the experimental study carried out on geopolymer concrete with the inclusion of alccofine were presented, and an experimental study was carried out to achieve the required compressive strength.
Abstract: This paper presents the results of the experimental study carried out on geopolymer concrete with the inclusion of alccofine. Efforts have been made to achieve the required compressive strength at ...
38 citations
TL;DR: An overview of zeolite synthesis from hazardous inorganic wastes such as fly ash, municipal solid waste, waste metallic residues, lithium slag, agro wastes, porcelain wastes, waste LCD panel glass, waste kaolin from indus....
Abstract: Zeolite is a versatile and environmentally important micro-porous material which can be synthesized using inorganic wastes like fly ash, porcelain wastes, natural clays, rice husk ash and also from its chemical precursors. Silica and alumina are the source materials for the synthesis of zeolites. Various industries produce hazardous inorganic wastes that are rich in silica and alumina, and its production rate worldwide is enormous. Majority of these wastes are dumped in landfills and only a very small percentage is reutilized. The cost of synthesis of zeolite from inorganic waste materials is very less when compared to synthesis from its chemical precursors. Zeolite synthesis from such hazardous material has shown promising and versatile industrial applications. This paper gives an overview of zeolite synthesis from hazardous inorganic wastes such as fly ash, municipal solid wastes, waste metallic residues, lithium slag, agro wastes, porcelain wastes, waste LCD panel glass, waste kaolin from indus...
33 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the microstructural features and mechanical properties of the sintered compacts were ascertained by microhardness and SEM studies, and it was observed that with increase in milling time and reinforcement of B4C reinforcement of 10 wt% yields a significant improvement of micro-hardness as well as homogeneous microstructure in the Sintered composite.
Abstract: In this study Ti, Al, V and B4C powders were milled separately in ball mill for various time periods. The powder morphology was tested by particle size analysis (PSA), FTIR and SEM studies in every one hour interval. Finally the individual powders were mixed on a weight basis to produce novel Ti-6Al-4V-B4C composite precursor and fabricated compacts were heat treated at 900°C. The microstructural features and mechanical properties of the sintered compacts were ascertained by microhardness and SEM studies. It was observed that with increase in milling time and B4C reinforcement of 10 wt% yields a significant improvement of microhardness as well as homogeneous microstructure in the sintered composite.
16 citations
TL;DR: In this article, three commonly considered metals in thermal equipment such as copper, aluminium and stainless steel have been considered to study the corrosion rate with latent heat storage materials suitable for solar hot water system.
Abstract: In the present study three most commonly considered metals in thermal equipment such as copper, aluminium and stainless steel have been considered to study the corrosion rate with latent heat storage materials suitable for solar hot water system. The latent heat storage materials (LHSMs) considered are paraffin wax, myristic acid, stearic acid, palmatic acid, lauric acid and sodium acetate trihydrate. The compatibility of these metals with selected LHSMs is evaluated by immersion corrosion test on a short term basis. The experiment is performed at 70°C to make sure it is above the melting points of selected LHSMs. During the experiment, it is made sure that the metal specimen is totally immersed in the LHSM to avoid contact with air, thereby creating a more practical and realistic situation of thermal energy storage system. The corrosion rate is measured for a span of 20 days. Results are presented in terms of corrosion rate, physical and microscopic appearance of the metal specimens. Based on the...
15 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an attempt has been made to sum up the recent advancement of different bioactive glass and composite materials for osteoconductivity and osteoinductivity in orthopaedic applications.
Abstract: Throughout the world, research has been carried out in development of new methods and materials involving multidisciplinary approach for effective bone tissue repair and regeneration. Amid various biomaterials, bioactive glass material has drawn considerable attention due to their superior biocompatibility, degradability, ion leaching phenomena and propagation of osteogenic cells. In this concise review, effort has been made to summarize different material combinations available as composition to elaborate their biological properties both in vitro and in vivo, reaction kinetics in simulated body fluid, effect of different constituents of bioactive glass and glassceramic compositions, porosity, etc and finally these materials’ applications as bone graft substitutes and various clinical applications have been detailed. In this review an attempt has been made to sum up the recent advancement of different bioactive glass and composite materials for osteoconductivity and osteoinductivity in orthopaedic...
11 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors have shown that conventional bricks of Bangladesh are sintered at 950o to 1050°C temperature and these bricks have compressive strength between 2600 and 3000 psi.
Abstract: Generally conventional bricks of Bangladesh are sintered at 950o to 1050°C temperature. These bricks have compressive strength between 2600 and 3000 psi. To lower the sintering temperature, waste g...
10 citations
TL;DR: In this article, new compositions of mullite and chromite based ceramic honeycombs were developed for high temperature thermal storage application, and an experiment was designed to evaluate the performance of the ceramic honeycomb in the temperature range of 773-1273 K by studying the storing and discharging characteristics in...
Abstract: Thermal energy storage at high temperature is a challenging research area with typical applications like regenerative heating in steel production plants and auxiliary energy source in solar thermal plants. Honeycomb structures made of ceramics are used as high temperature thermal energy storage units because of their large heat transfer surface area per unit volume, large thermal capacity and good thermal shock resistance. The material properties and geometric parameters of these units determine the storage capacity and heat addition/retrieval rate. A thorough understanding of the thermal response of storage unit at different process conditions is crucial for designing the system.In this work, new compositions of mullite and chromite based ceramic honeycombs were developed for high temperature thermal storage application. An experiment was designed to evaluate the performance of the ceramic honeycomb in the temperature range of 773-1273 K by studying the storing and discharging characteristics in ...
10 citations
TL;DR: The β-emitter 123Sn isotope has a half-life of 129.2 days and might be a good candidate for brachytherapy application in cancer treatment.
Abstract: Brachytherapy is one of the effective ways for cancer treatment. The β-emitter 123Sn isotope has a half-life of 129.2 days and might be a good candidate for brachytherapy application. In this study...
10 citations
TL;DR: A review of research activities that concentrate on the development of spark plasma reaction sintering of AlON ceramics with and without Sintering additives is provided in this paper.
Abstract: γ-aluminium oxynitride (AlON) has an excellent thermal and chemical stability, which makes AlON an attractive candidate for a wide range of applications. Production of transparent AlON is extremely challenging because residual porosity must be reduced to an absolute minimum. This can be achieved by spark plasma sintering (SPS) and introducing sintering additives. This article provides a review of research activities that concentrate on the development of spark plasma reaction sintering of AlON ceramics with and without sintering additives. Influence of the most important operating parameters (atmosphere, temperature, processing time, heating rate, etc) on product characteristics and process dynamics is reviewed for AlON ceramics. Comparison of SPS over conventional methods including pressureless sintering, hot pressing sintering and others is demonstrated. Recent advances and challenges in the synthesis of AlON ceramics by SPS are also discussed.
9 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors have shown that adding of H3BO3 has been found to be good for formation of Sr2MgSiSi2O7:Eu2+,Dy3+ long-afterglow luminescent materials have been successfully prepared via sol-hydrothermal method.
Abstract: In this study, Sr2MgSi2O7:Eu2+,Dy3+ long-afterglow luminescent materials have been successfully prepared via sol-hydrothermal method. The sample shows good crystallinity and optical properties. The sintering time and sintering temperature have great impacts on the crystallization process and luminescence properties. Further, adding of H3BO3 has been found to be good for formation of Sr2MgSi2O7:Eu2+,Dy3+ and appropriate amount of H3BO3 addition helps to improve the performance of the sample afterglow. Crystallization of the samples can be improved by changing the sintering system and method.
8 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a solid state reaction method was used to synthesize manganite by conventional solid-state reaction method and structural studies have been carried out on the resulting manganites.
Abstract: La0.5Pr0.2Ca0.3–xBaxMnO3 (LPCBMO) (x = 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25, 0.30) ceramic manganites have been successfully synthesized by conventional solid state reaction method. Structural studies have...
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of annealing temperature, phase formation, chemical composition, morphology, band gap energy and dielectric behaviour of single phase Mg4Nb2O9 are examined.
Abstract: Mg4Nb2O9 single phase sample with corundum like hexagonal structure has been successfully synthesized by two stage processes. Thermal characterization of precursors has been studied by TG-DTA. The phase purity is identified by XRD and Raman spectroscopy. The structural analysis has been studied by FESEM, HRTEM including EDX for chemical identification. Optical behaviour is investigated by diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and dielectric property is accessed during investigation. The effect of annealing temperature, phase formation, chemical composition, morphology, band gap energy and dielectric behaviour of single phase Mg4Nb2O9 are examined. Average crystallite size of single phase Mg4Nb2O9 material is around 37.3 and 22 nm from XRD and HRTEM analysis, respectively for the 1000°C treated materials. The direct band gap energy is measured about 3.59 eV from diffuse reflectance spectra of the sample synthesized at 1000°C. Dielectric constant and loss tangent of Mg4Nb2O9 material is observed in the r...
TL;DR: In this paper, the synthesis of hercynite by plasma fusion, which is a new, faster and economic process, and also its refractory properties for application in cement rotary kiln was described.
Abstract: Historically chromite was used as a component in magnesia chrome refractory due to its high flexible character (low modulus of elasticity) But use of magnesia chrome bricks in the sintering zone of cement rotary kiln causes environmental pollution due to the formation of Cr6+ compounds To meet the above challenge and operational demands due to increased use of alternative fuels, now-a-days iron-alumina or hercynite spinel is being used instead of chromite as chrome free material Till date hercynite is rarely available in nature and electro-fusion is the main process of manufacturing hercynite in the industry However, the main drawbacks of electrofusion process are time and energy consumption This paper describes the synthesis of hercynite by plasma fusion, which is a new, faster and economic process, and also its refractory properties for application in cement rotary kiln Bulk density of plasma fused hercynite is 386 gcm–3 and thermal expansion at 1000°C is 085% The developed magnesia he
TL;DR: In this article, the structural, magnetic and micro-structural characterizations of barium hexaferrites are studied by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), mossbauer spectroscopy, vibrating sample magnetometer and scanning electron microscope (SEM), respectively.
Abstract: Among the M-type hexaferrites, barium ferrites (BaFe12O19) have greatest technology interest due to its low cost and moderate magnetic properties. Magnetic properties can be tailored by changing processing condition and by suitable cationic substitution at Ba or Fe site. Lanthanum substituted (Ba1–xLaxFe12O19) and extra addition of lanthanum (BaFe12O19(Lax)) in barium hexaferrite are successfully prepared by solid state synthesis method. The structural, magnetic and microstructural characterizations are studied by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), mossbauer spectroscopy, vibrating sample magnetometer and scanning electron microscope (SEM), respectively. XRD patterns show single phase BaFe12O19 for La-substituted samples, whereas a secondary phase of barium mono-ferrite (BaFe2O4) is also detected for La-extra addition samples. Crystallite size is found to increase with La substitution. SEM shows the surface morphology of La-substitution and La-extra addition BaFe12O19. The magnetic properties show the va...
TL;DR: Themal decomposition and poor mechanical strength of hydroxyapatite (HA) restrict its further application in the field of bone tissue engineering as mentioned in this paper, and a porous HA/ZrO2 gradient bioceramics with regener...
Abstract: Themal decomposition and poor mechanical strength of hydroxyapatite (HA) restrict its further application in the field of bone tissue engineering. A porous HA/ZrO2 gradient bioceramics with regener...
TL;DR: The sintering kinetics of porous ceramics from high-alumina fly ash was studied by stepwise isothermal dilatometry associated with scanning electron microscopic observation, X-ray diffraction phase as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The sintering kinetics of porous ceramics from high-alumina fly ash was studied by stepwise isothermal dilatometry associated with scanning electron microscopic observation, X-ray diffraction phase...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors explored the possibility of enhancing the mechanical properties of cordierite using zirconia as an additive in the range of 0-10 wt% followed by comparative evaluation of properties.
Abstract: Cordierite is a ternary oxide of silica, magnesia and alumina and one of the interesting ceramic materials and a potential material for various thermo-structural applications. The present study is to explore the possibility of enhancing the mechanical properties of cordierite using zirconia as an additive in the range of 0-10 wt% followed by comparative evaluation of properties. Cordierite precursor mix was subjected to calcination to ensure the partial formation of cordierite. A part of calcined cordierite and another two parts were blended with 5 and 10 wt% of zirconia and were planetary ball milled to ensure homogeneity in compositions. The formulations were compacted after granulation. The green compacts were subjected to TG-DSC and XRD investigations were carried out on sintered samples. Mechanical properties such as flexural strength at room and elevated temperatures and thermal expansion behaviour were analyzed for all the samples. Zirconia addition was found to enhance the mechanical prope...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explored the crystallographic properties of synthesized F − and Fe3+ doped hydroxyapatites (HAPs) as a function of dopant ion concentration coupled with thermal treatment.
Abstract: This research work explores the crystallographic properties of synthesized F– and Fe3+ doped hydroxyapatites (HAPs) as a function of dopant ion concentration coupled with thermal treatment. Doped H...
TL;DR: In this article, a review of X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (XAFS) studies on persistent luminescence materials with potential applications in bio-imaging is presented.
Abstract: Persistent luminescence or long afterglow or long lasting phosphorescence has attracted a lot of attention because of its varied applications in emergency or safety sign boards, toys and more recently for in vivo imaging of small animals. An important aspect for understanding the mechanism of persistent luminescence is understanding the nature and energetics of defects. While techniques like thermally stimulated luminescence, electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy have been used in the past, X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (XAFS) has recently emerged as another tool to explore structural distortions that may act as electron and hole traps. The present article reviews recent XAFS studies on persistent luminescence materials with potential applications in bio-imaging.
TL;DR: In this article, polyvinyl alcohol-tetraethoxysilane based NaA zeolite composite membranes were prepared onto the inner side of porous alumina support tube via primary crystallization processes at 100°C for 4 h.
Abstract: Poly(vinylalcohol)-tetraethoxysilane based NaA zeolite composite membranes were prepared onto the inner side of porous alumina support tube via primary crystallization processes at 100°C for 4 h. Crystallization behaviour of the prepared NaA zeolite membranes was confirmed by XRD and FTIR studies. FESEM analysis revealed dense microstructure of the membrane with thickness of 15-20 µm. Single gas permeation of He, N2 and CO2 was measured with NaA zeolite membrane. Maximum permselectivity values of He/N2 and He/CO2 were found to be 43.55 and 46.27, respectively. Pervaporation behaviour for the separation of ethanol/water mixture was studied with the membrane. Starting with 90% ethanol, 95.2% ethanol concentration was achieved within 600 min of pervaporation experiment.
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of sintering temperature on structural, mechanical and electrochemical properties of iron-nickel alloys was investigated. But, the results were limited to the case of powder metallurgy (P/M) with a compaction load of 12 ton.
Abstract: Alloy based materials are well known for their excellent mechanical, structural and electrochemical properties. The present paper reports the effect of sintering temperature on structural, mechanical and electrochemical behaviour of iron-nickel alloys. Iron-nickel alloys with 30 wt% nickel were prepared by powder metallurgy (P/M) route with a compaction load of 12 ton. The compact specimens were sintered at three different temperatures 1000°, 1200° and 1250°C for 1 h. Iron-nickel alloy formation was confirmed by X-ray diffraction studies. Hardness, wear and microstructural analysis were done with the help of Rockwell hardness tester, pin on disk wear testing machine and scanning electron microscope/ energy dispersive spectroscopy, respectively. Samples sintered at 1200°C showed better density, hardness, wear resistance and corrosion resistance than those of the other sintered specimens. In the present investigation, an effort was made to develop iron-nickel alloy for various advanced industrial ap...
TL;DR: In this paper, the formation of amorphous structure and the presence of stretching and deformation vibration bonds of B-O-Si linkage and Si-O -Si bridges were found in glass and glass-ceramics with and without Nb2O5.
Abstract: (Ba0.2Sr0.8)TiO3-2SiO2-B2O3-K2O compositions based glass and glass-ceramics with and without 0.1 mol% Nb2O5 were prepared by melt-quench method. XRD and FTIR spectra reveal the formation of amorphous structure and the presence of stretching and deformation vibration bonds of B-O-Si linkage and Si-O-Si bridges, respectively. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) of the glass sample shows that onset of crystallization for (Ba0.2Sr0.8)TiO3 phase occurs between ∼750o and 800°C. XRD confirms the formation of (Ba0.256Sr0.744)TiO3 as major phase upon controlled crystallization of the glass samples at ∼750o-800°C for 3 h with rutile and SiO2 as minor phase(s). Quantitative phase analysis using structural Rietveld refinement of the powder XRD patterns shows that 0.1 mol% Nb2O5 addition in the [(Ba0.2Sr0.8)O.TiO2]-[2SiO2-B2O3]- [K2O] glass-ceramic system promotes the formation of Ba0.256Sr0.744TiO3 phase and suppresses the amount of rutile or TiO2 compared to undoped glass-ceramic system. SEM-EDS microstr...
TL;DR: In this paper, the influence of alumina addition on weld appearance, microstructure and mechanical properties of metal inert gas (MIG) welded low carbon mild steel were investigated.
Abstract: In this study, influence of alumina addition on weld appearance, microstructure and mechanical properties of metal inert gas (MIG) welded low carbon mild steel were emphatically investigated. Experimental results show that all the joints were smooth with free of cracks. Microstructures of MIG and laser remelted joints show the presence of columnar and equiaxed dendrites. Furthermore, superior microhardness of MIG welded joint over alumina added and laser remelted joints is ascribed to the presence of columnar dendrites. Fractography of the tensile tested alumina added joint exhibited a mixed mode of ductile and brittle characteristics and this is attributed to the presence of acicular ferrites and bainite in the microstructure.
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of Al2O3 addition on microstructure, phase evolution and microwave dielectric properties of Ca0.61Nd0.26TiO3 was investigated.
Abstract: The effects of Al2O3 addition on microstructure, phase evolution and microwave dielectric properties of Ca0.61Nd0.26TiO3 – x mol Al2O3 (x = 0, 0.025, 0.05, 0.075, 0.1) ceramics have been investigated in this study. With x increasing from 0 to 0.05, the system maintained a single perovskite phase while bulk density decreased rapidly due to grain size degradation. Correspondingly, dielectric constant (ϵr) decreased from 103 to 79.2 and temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (τf) dropped from +247 to +159.3 ppm/°C. Moreover, anti-reduction of Ti4+ gave rise to a nearly doubled Q×f value, from 8600 to 15500 GHz. For 0.075≤x≤0.1, X-ray diffraction results showed a secondary phase whose peaks were consistent with Ca2Nb2O7 phase, resulting in decreased microwave dielectric properties.
TL;DR: In this paper, high purity forsterite powder with anorthite grain boundary has been synthesized by solid state reaction of industrial grade magnesium oxide and Mg-chlorite at 1100°C.
Abstract: In this paper, high purity forsterite powder with anorthite grain boundary has been synthesized by solid state reaction of industrial grade magnesium oxide and Mg-chlorite at 1100°C. ASTM C547 and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) were used for chemical and phase analysis of raw materials. For microstructural analysis of prepared specimens, XRD and back scatter scanning electron microscopy (BS-SEM) were used. BS-SEM and elements mapping show the distribution of Mg, Si and O elements in grains, and point analysis of these elements shows the portion of atomic percent as forsterite. The detected elements in grain boundary are Si, Al, Ca and O; and based on XRD pattern of the specimens, the anorthite phase is detected. MAUD software was used for semi-quantitative analysis of phases based on Rietveld method in TC specimen, the amounts of detected phases are 15.6 wt% free periclase and 84.4 wt% forsterite that are very close to calculated amounts for 12.89 wt% free periclase and 87.11 wt% forsterite. The a...
TL;DR: In this article, the graphite has been incorporated either as uncoated or surface modified form, the latter containing a thin sol-gel calcium aluminate film over graphite surface.
Abstract: This study has been carried out on castable and matrix of a magnesia-based unshaped refractory system containing respectively 5.0% and 20.0% graphites. The graphite has been incorporated either as uncoated or surface-modified form, the latter containing a thin sol-gel calcium aluminate film over graphite surface. Surface modification of graphite has been confirmed by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectra, Fourier transformed infrared study and some other experiments. The sol-gel coating improved hydrophilicity and oxidation resistance of graphite. Sinterability, thermal and thermomechanical properties of castable matrices have been elaborately documented. From this work it is apparent that presence of coated graphite in matrix part of basic castable is not that encouraging as observed in alumina-carbon system. However, the castable properties as a whole are satisfactory due to protection of graphite and its less water demand for casting.
TL;DR: In this article, a micro-scale silicon carbide (SiC) fiber mat was produced by blowing of an oil-in-water (O/W) precursor emulsion process combined with a thermal curing treatment and a subsequent calcination at high temperature.
Abstract: Micro-scale silicon carbide (SiC) fiber mat was produced by blowing of an oil-in-water (O/W) precursor emulsion process combined with a thermal curing treatment and a subsequent calcination at high temperature, which we named emulsion-blow spinning (EBS). An air flow with high velocity was used to attenuate the O/W emulsion jets, and the as-spun fibers can be successfully self-sustained to three-dimensional network structure. Polycarbosilane micelles (precursor) entrapped in an aqueous polyoxyethylene matrix resulted in SiC fibers with β crystalline after pyrolysis and ceramic process. The SiC fiber mat was tested with an excellent thermal stability and semi-conductivity, may have potential applications on electronic and energy storage.
TL;DR: In this article, a morphologically controlled growth of hollow micrometer-sized prism of perovskite calcium titanate via one-step surfactant free hydrothermal method is reported.
Abstract: In this work, we report a morphologically controlled growth of hollow micrometer-sized prism of perovskite calcium titanate via one-step surfactant free hydrothermal method. Highly concentr...
TL;DR: In this article, the electrical conducting and mechanism of zinc oxide thin films with different types and levels of defects were investigated, and the films were deposited by radio frequency magnetron spanners.
Abstract: In this work, the electrical conducting and mechanism of zinc oxide thin films with different types and levels of defects were investigated. The films were deposited by radio frequency magnetron sp...
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of boehmite sol concentration on phase composition, microstructure, flexural strength, porosity and pore size distribution was studied using XPS, XRD, SEM analyses.
Abstract: SiC powder was dispersed in various concentrations of boehmite sol. The boehmite coated SiC powder was characterized by zeta potential measurement, TEM and FT-IR analyses. Mullite bonded porous SiC ceramics were fabricated by sintering boehmite coated SiC powder compact via a pressureless sintering in air at 1300oC and were characterized by XPS, XRD, SEM analyses. The sintered ceramics have an interconnected open porous network with near uniform pore diameter. Rod shaped mullite crystals were observed in the neck region that bonded the SiC particles together. Effect of boehmite sol concentration on phase composition, microstructure, flexural strength, porosity and pore size distribution was studied. The ceramics synthesized from 30 wt% boehmite sol coated SiC powder contained 26 wt% mullite with ∼30 vol% porosity.