Journal•ISSN: 0080-4568
Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
Royal Society of Edinburgh
About: Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh is an academic journal. The journal publishes majorly in the area(s): Carboniferous & Genus. It has an ISSN identifier of 0080-4568. Over the lifetime, 1094 publications have been published receiving 23652 citations.
Topics: Carboniferous, Genus, Glacial period, Metamorphism, Flora
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TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that the variance of a human measurement from its mean follows the Normal Law of Errors, and that the variability may be measured by the standard deviation corresponding to the square root of the mean square error.
Abstract: Several attempts have already been made to interpret the well-established results of biometry in accordance with the Mendelian scheme of inheritance. It is here attempted to ascertain the biometrical properties of a population of a more general type than has hitherto been examined, inheritance in which follows this scheme. It is hoped that in this way it will be possible to make a more exact analysis of the causes of human variability. The great body of available statistics show us that the deviations of a human measurement from its mean follow very closely the Normal Law of Errors, and, therefore, that the variability may be uniformly measured by the standard deviation corresponding to the square root of the mean square error. When there are two independent causes of variability capable of producing in an otherwise uniform population distributions with standard deviations σ1 and σ2, it is found that the distribution, when both causes act together, has a standard deviation . It is therefore desirable in analysing the causes of variability to deal with the square of the standard deviation as the measure of variability. We shall term this quantity the Variance of the normal population to which it refers, and we may now ascribe to the constituent causes fractions or percentages of the total variance which they together produce. It is desirable on the one hand that the elementary ideas at the basis of the calculus of correlations should be clearly understood, and easily expressed in ordinary language, and on the other that loose phrases about the “percentage of causation,” which obscure the essential distinction between the individual and the population, should be carefully avoided.
3,800 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the properties of a certain operative symbol which appears to be of great utility in discussing q-functions are investigated, and the first part of the paper will consist of an investigation into the various forms ofand the nature of the inverse operations symbolised by Δ−n.
Abstract: In this paper my object is, primarily, to investigate the properties of a certain operative symbol which appears to be of great utility in discussing q-functions. The first part of the paper will consist of an investigation into the various forms ofand the nature of the inverse operations symbolised by Δ−n. With certain restrictions as to continuity, etc., φ(x) will denote an arbitrary function of x.
654 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a different kind of geometrical reciprocity is proposed, which is also capable of considerable development, and can be applied to the solution of mechanical problems, and it can be used to solve the problems of Inverse Figures and Polar Reciprocals.
Abstract: Two figures are reciprocal when the properties of the first relative to the second are the same as those of the second relative to the first. Several kinds of reciprocity are known to mathematicians, and the theories of Inverse Figures and of Polar Reciprocals have been developed at great length, and have led to remarkable results. I propose to investigate a different kind of geometrical reciprocity, which is also capable of considerable development, and can be applied to the solution of mechanical problems.
268 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, Davy, by melting two pieces of ice by rubbing them together, established the following proposition: "The phenomena of repulsion are not dependent on a peculiar elastic fluid for their existence, or caloric does not exist."
Abstract: Sir Humphrey Davy, by his experiment of melting two pieces of ice by rubbing them together, established the following proposition:—“The phenomena of repulsion are not dependent on a peculiar elastic fluid for their existence, or caloric does not exist.” And he concludes that heat consists of a motion excited among the particles of bodies. “To distinguish this motion from others, and to signify the cause of our sensation of heat,” and of the expansion or expansive pressure produced in matter by heat, “the name repulsive motion has been adopted.”
259 citations
TL;DR: The research of which this paper gives an account was originated by the late Dr Alexander Bruce and undertaken in conjunction with him; most of the material used had been accumulated by him during the later years of his life as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The research of which this paper gives an account was originated by the late Dr Alexander Bruce and undertaken in conjunction with him; most of the material used had been accumulated by him during the later years of his life. The following preliminary communication made to the Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland in July 1910 represents in brief outline the position which had been reached at the time of Dr Bruce's lamented death:—
222 citations