Showing papers in "Trends in Biochemical Sciences in 2001"

TL;DR: Positive results of crowding include enhancing the collapse of polypeptide chains into functional proteins, the assembly of oligomeric structures and the efficiency of action of some molecular chaperones and metabolic pathways.

TL;DR: This review focuses on tracing the characterization of this kinase, through the elucidation of its mechanism of regulation, to its role in regulating physiological and pathophysiological processes, to the current understanding of the biology of PKB/Akt, and prospects for the future.

TL;DR: The elucidation of Grp function and regulation opens up new therapeutic approaches to diseases associated with ER stress and cancer.

TL;DR: Structural studies of proteins involved in two-component signaling systems have revealed a modular architecture with versatile conserved domains that are readily adapted to the specific needs of individual systems.

TL;DR: Pro-apoptotic family members act as sentinels for cellular damage: cytotoxic signals induce their translocation to the organelles where they bind to their pro-survival relatives, promote organelle damage and trigger apoptosis.

TL;DR: The HMG-box proteins, one of the three classes of high mobility group (HMG) chromosomal proteins, bend DNA and bind preferentially to distorted DNA structures and might be targeted to particular DNA sites in chromatin by either protein-protein interactions or recognition of specific DNA structures.

TL;DR: The caspase family of cysteine proteases have emerged as central regulators of apoptosis, and their role in life and death decisions of cells is discussed.

TL;DR: A conserved protein motif is described, based on a sequence of the proteasomal component Rpn10/S5a, that is known to recognize ubiquitin and the presence of this motif in Eps15, Epsin and HRS, proteins involved in ligand-activated receptor endocytosis and degradation, suggest a more general role in ubiquitIn recognition.

TL;DR: Extended mitochondria can represent electrically united systems, which can facilitate energy delivery from the cell periphery to the cell core and organize antioxidant defence of the cell interior when O2 is consumed by mitochondrial clusters near the outer cell membrane.

TL;DR: The limitations of current approaches used to monitor the physiological responses of mitochondria during cell death are pointed out, the implications arising from modern views of mitochondrial structure are considered, and two proposed mechanisms for the release of mitochondrial proteins during apoptosis are assessed.

TL;DR: The Dbl family of guanine nucleotide exchange factors are multifunctional molecules that transduce diverse intracellular signals leading to the activation of Rho GTPases.

TL;DR: Multiple, independent lines of evidence indicate that, in the periplasmic and transmembrane domains, conformational signaling is a piston-type sliding of the signaling helix towards the cytoplasm.

TL;DR: How adaptation in the laboratory by directed evolution can complement studies of natural enzymes in the effort to understand stability and function is reviewed.

TL;DR: Biophysical and biochemical studies of r Rhodopsin activation, and the recent crystal structure determination of bovine rhodopsin, have provided new information that enables a more complete mechanism of vertebrate rhodopin activation to be proposed.

TL;DR: The mutations and structural adaptations that have taken place to reshape a VH of a Vh-VL pair into a single-domain VHH with retention of a sufficient variability are reviewed.

TL;DR: The use of translated mRNA in profiling experiments might depict the proteome more closely than does the use of total mRNA, which would combine the technical potential of genomics with the physiological relevance of proteomics.

TL;DR: Kinetic studies under pressure enable dissection of the roles of packing and cavities in folding, and in assembly of multimolecular structures such as protein-DNA complexes and viruses.

TL;DR: The use of quantitative analysis methods to generate testable hypotheses and drive experimentation at a whole-genome level signals the advent of a systemic modeling approach to cellular and molecular biology.

TL;DR: The novel primary structures and subcellular localizations for some of these PARPs suggests new and unexpected roles for poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation in telomere replication and cellular transport.

TL;DR: This review discusses the advantages of this particular scaffold and provides an evolutionary analysis of 18 different subclasses within the cupin superfamily.

TL;DR: The metabolic role of fructose-2,6-bisphosphate has great potential in the treatment of diabetes and biophysical studies of the enzyme that both synthesizes and degrades this biofactor have yielded insight into its molecular enzymology.

TL;DR: The catalytic subunit of the type 1 Ser/Thr protein phosphatases (PP1) can interact with many different regulatory (R) subunits, which control the function of PP1 holoenzymes mainly by modulating the interaction of the subunits.

TL;DR: In this work, the first proteins with an apparently specific function in glucose detection have been discovered and there is increasing evidence for a diverse array of glucose-induced signalling mechanisms in plant cells and mammals.

TL;DR: This review outlines the present understanding of Phosphoinositide 3-kinase's central and possibly pivotal role in establishing and maintaining cell polarity by regulating the subcellular localization and activation of downstream effectors that are essential for regulating cellPolarity and proper chemotaxis.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the optimization of electrostatic interactions by increasing of the number of salt bridges is a driving force for enhancement of the thermotolerance of proteins from hyperthermophilic microorganisms.

TL;DR: A series of structural studies on receptor--DNA binding complexes illustrate the strategies used by receptors to recognize the symmetry of their binding site as well as its sequence and indicate how cooperation between receptors enhances their joint affinity and selectivity for correctly configured sites.

TL;DR: It is hypothesized that the plant is killed by light-induced oxidative stress initiated by damage caused by formation of singlet oxygen in the reaction centre itself.

TL;DR: The two heterodimerization modes described to date, the CARD-CARD interaction between human Apaf-1 and procaspase 9, and the DD-DD interaction between Drosophila Pelle and Tube, are examined.

TL;DR: The discovery that mutations in nuclear lamina proteins cause heritable tissue-specific diseases, including Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy, is prompting a fresh look at the lamina to devise models that can account for its diverse functions and dynamics.