Showing papers in "Trends in Biochemical Sciences in 2002"

TL;DR: It is suggested here that oxidative stress is an important modulator of telomeres loss and that telomere-driven replicative senescence is primarily a stress response.

TL;DR: In this review, recent findings are surveyed to illustrate that this novel but rapidly advancing field has reached a point where proteins can be comprehensively classified on the basis of structure and function.

TL;DR: Fly and human share several kinase families involved in immunity, neurobiology, cell cycle and morphogenesis that are absent from worm, suggesting that these functions might have evolved after the divergence of nematodes from the main metazoan lineage.

TL;DR: Protein folds reminiscent of the THD and CRD are also found in other protein families, raising the possibility that the mode of interaction between TNF and TNF receptors might be conserved in other contexts.

TL;DR: The PI3K-PKB-FOXO pathway might participate in similar processes in higher eukaryotes, as it affects lifespan and controls dauer formation in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans.

TL;DR: The post-translational mechanisms that confer calcium-sensitivity to MEF2 and its downstream target genes are described, and how this transcription factor can control diverse and mutually exclusive cellular decisions is considered.

TL;DR: Three-dimensional maps of the modified nucleotides in the ribosomes of Escherichia coli and yeast suggest that many ribosome functions benefit from nucleotide modification.

TL;DR: An important role for the enzyme in the pathogenesis of coeliac disease, fibrosis and neurodegenerative disorders has also been demonstrated, making TG2 an important therapeutic target.

TL;DR: This review evaluates experimental evidence defining the rates and barriers for molecular diffusion in cells and possible implications of regulated molecular diffusion as a rate-limiting step in cell metabolism, and with respect to the delivery of therapeutic agents are discussed.

TL;DR: Although initially identified in the suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) family of proteins, the C-terminal SOCS box has now been identified in more than 40 proteins in nine different families.

TL;DR: Oncoproteins and tumor suppressor proteins are networked to promote normal cell function and eliminate mutated cells.

TL;DR: The fundamental properties of P 450 BM3 are discussed and how progress with this model P450 has affected the authors' comprehension of P450 systems in general is discussed.

TL;DR: The relationships between structure, mechanism of action and therapeutic use of botulinum neurotoxins are discussed.

TL;DR: The predicted secondary structure reveals that the BLUF domain is a novel FAD-binding fold that is involved in sensing blue-light using FAD and is similar to the flavin-binding PAS domains and cryptochromes.

TL;DR: A semi-empirical analysis of nitroxide sidechain dynamics in spin-labeled proteins reveals contributions from fluctuations in backbone dihedral angles and rigid-body (collective) motions of α helices as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: These studies provide an increasingly detailed view of the reaction mechanisms and the correlation between the electronic structure of the active site and catalytic function, one of the fundamental goals in metallobiochemistry.

TL;DR: It now seems probable that van der Waals and hydrophobic interactions make a significant contribution to the enthalpy of adsorption.

TL;DR: The generation of MyD88-deficient mice, as well as the identification of My d88-related proteins and regulators of Myd88 signaling, has revealed new and important insights into the function of My D88.

TL;DR: It is suggested that the mucin genes be renamed according to their sequence homology, suggesting the existence of one large gene family.

TL;DR: Data indicate a model for protein quality control in which the interaction of Hsp70 and Hsp90 with co-chaperones that have either folding or degradatory activity helps to determine the fate of non-native cellular proteins.

TL;DR: New evidence has revealed a range of pathways in different organisms that include a complex sequence for synthesis of docosahexaenoic acid in mammals and a polyketide synthase pathway in marine microbes.

TL;DR: Studies on transcription factors such as heat shock factor 1, p53 and nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) illustrate recent progress in solving the dynamic nature of transcriptional regulation by multisite phosphorylation.

TL;DR: Recent advances in understanding of mitochondrial biochemistry provide many surprises and furthermore, give insights into the evolutionary history of ATP-producing organelles.

TL;DR: It is proposed that a single ancestral developmental/immunity cascade gave rise to the protostome and deuterostome developmental, clotting and complement cascades and were built by adding enzymes from the bottom of the cascade up and from similar macromolecular building blocks.

TL;DR: Evidence for the function of the rotary motor, from structural, genetic and biophysical studies, is reviewed here, and some uncertainties and remaining mysteries of the enzyme mechanism are also discussed.

TL;DR: The evidence for a connection between SET-domain-containing proteins and cancer is surveyed and it is proposed that deregulation of SET- domain function has an important role in carcinogenesis.

TL;DR: I gratefully acknowledge the generous, and continuous, support of my work over many years by the US Department of Energy, National Institute of Health, National Science Foundation, Department of Agriculture, and Environmental Protection Agency.

TL;DR: The discovery, structure, function and biosynthesis of the currently known circular proteins are described, including a remarkable family of circular proteins that is additionally braced by a knotted arrangement of disulfide bonds that confers additional stability and topological complexity upon the family.

TL;DR: Protein Explorer enables students, educators and other nonspecialists to visualize macromolecular structures easily and offers several advanced capabilities useful to protein structure specialists.

TL;DR: DML (MD-2-related lipid-recognition) is a novel domain identified in MD-1, MD-2, GM2A, Npc2 and multiple proteins of unknown function in plants, animals and fungi.