Showing papers in "Trends in Biotechnology in 2002"

TL;DR: The problems of PAH pollution and PAH degradation, and relevant bioremediation efforts are discussed and chemotaxis could also have an important role in enhancing biodegradation of pollutants.

TL;DR: Several methods for enrichment of phosphorylated proteins and peptides are outlined and various options for their identification and quantitation are discussed with special emphasis on mass spectrometry-based techniques.

TL;DR: The history, future, scientific background and regulatory issues related to botanical therapeutics, including plant-derived pharmaceuticals, multicomponent botanical drugs, dietary supplements, functional foods and plant-produced recombinant proteins are discussed.

TL;DR: Understanding the structure-property relationship is essential for the further development and rational design of new functional smart materials, for example, kinetic and thermodynamic control of the coil-to-globule transition could be achieved through changes in polymer composition and topology.

TL;DR: This review summarizes the major activities in the field of protein microarray technology and focuses on the applications using miniaturized and parallelized protein binding assays which rely on the product formation between immobilized capture molecules and their corresponding target molecules which are present in the sample.

TL;DR: This review of current practice reveals that molecular tools have enabled several new developments but it has been process development that has driven the final breakthrough to achieving commercially relevant quantities of protein.

TL;DR: Molecular analysis with microsphere arrays holds significant potential as a general analysis platform for both research and clinical applications.

TL;DR: Developments in preparing denatured purified protein and in the analysis of protein refolding products promise to remove bottlenecks in the overall process and to simplify scale-up.

TL;DR: In this article, protein- and DNA-based methods employing western blots, enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay, lateral flow strips, SouthernBlots, qualitative-, quantitative-, real-time- and limiting dilution-PCR methods, are discussed.

TL;DR: Rec recombinant baculovirus vectors engineered to contain mammalian cell-active promoter elements, have been used successfully for transient and stable gene delivery in a broad spectrum of primary and established mammalian cells.

TL;DR: Micro-CT has the potential to replace serial histology as the reference standard in many in vitro studies, and provides a practical approach to obtain quantitative information during some longitudinal investigations in vivo.

TL;DR: Biological control methods based on natural pest suppressing organisms, not comparable to pesticides in meeting efficacy, market and other expectations, but they still have a promising future, especially where genetically modified organisms can be used.

TL;DR: Novel peptide-based biomaterial scaffolds seeded with cells show promise for tissue repair and for other medical applications.

TL;DR: The peer-review process is a turf battle with the ultimate prize of the knowledge, science or doctrine being published being published.

TL;DR: It is proposed that gene networks are also a good way to describe function unequivocally, and that they could be used for genome functional annotation.

TL;DR: The ability to manipulate and reconstitute tissue structure and function in vitro has tremendous clinical implications and is likely to have a key role in cell and gene therapies in coming years.

TL;DR: This work has shown that rational protein design and directed evolution have emerged as efficient alternative methods to optimize biocatalytic reactions and can be transferred from one reaction system or substrate to another.

TL;DR: This work has shown that it is possible to design and construct communities of artificial cells that can perform different tasks related to therapeutic and diagnostic applications at relatively low cost.

TL;DR: This review summarizes the key device subject areas and the basic interdisciplinary technologies, and gives a better understanding of how these technologies can be used to provide appropriate technical solutions to fundamental problems.

TL;DR: Current knowledge of the use of lactobacilli for vaccination purposes has been obtained with tetanus toxin fragment C (TTFC) as the model antigen and this knowledge, together with the ever-increasing understanding of the immune system and recent developments in cloning and expression techniques, should enable the utilisation of antigens other than TTFC.

TL;DR: This article provides a comprehensive review of the current achievements in the biotechnological production of trehalose, a unique sugar capable of protecting biomolecules against environmental stress.

TL;DR: New diagnostic approaches based on the formation of stem-loop DNA oligonucleotides are reviewed: molecular beacon methodology, suppression PCR approaches and the use of hairpin probes in DNA microarrays.

TL;DR: In this decade, bioprocesses that offer either a process or a product advantage over traditional chemical routes will become more widely used.

TL;DR: Recent achievements in the production of biomass and related enzymes and biomolecules from extremophile sources are reported, especially focusing on the application of novel fermentation strategies.

TL;DR: The synthesis and characterization of artificial nucleic acid-protein conjugates is reviewed, in addition to applications arising in the life sciences and nanobiotechnology, such as the self-assembly of high-affinity reagents for immunological detection assays and biosensors, the fabrication of laterally microstructured biochips, and the biomimetic 'bottom-up' synthesis of nanostructured supramolecular devices.

TL;DR: The intention of this article is to explain, in detail, why plantation forests are needed to sustainably meet the world's demand for wood, why they are not being developed fast enough, and why the application of biotechnology to tree improvement is essential to speeding up this process.

TL;DR: Grapevine biotechnology is one of the most promising developments in the global wine industry, which is increasingly faced with conflicting demands from markets, consumers and environmentalists, with increased productivity, efficiency, sustainability and environmental friendliness.

TL;DR: The introduction of fast CT scanners in the past decade, together with the development of better analysis techniques, has helped to launch functional CT as a new method to investigate the physiological basis of function and disease in the human body.

TL;DR: The emphasis is on the development of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains with improved fermentation, processing and biopreservation abilities, and capacities for an increase in the wholesomeness and sensory quality of wine.

TL;DR: Hydrophobic charge induction chromatography using 4-mercapto-ethyl-pyridine as the ligand is an effective method for the separation of antibodies from a variety of feedstocks and can reach levels of purity as high as 98%.