Showing papers in "Trends in Biotechnology in 2004"

TL;DR: Redesign strategies are discussed here, including modification of translation initiation regions, alteration of mRNA structural elements and use of different codon biases.

TL;DR: In this postgenomic era, there is a specific need to assign function to orphan genes in order to validate potential targets for drug therapy and to discover new biomarkers of disease.

TL;DR: By enabling reproducible and controlled changes of specific environmental factors, bioreactor systems provide both the technological means to reveal fundamental mechanisms of cell function in a 3D environment, and the potential to improve the quality of engineered tissues.

TL;DR: There are several biological processing strategies that produce bioenergy or biochemicals while treating industrial and agricultural wastewater, including methanogenic anaerobic digestion, biological hydrogen production, microbial fuel cells and fermentation for production of valuable products, but there are also scientific and technical barriers to the implementation of these strategies.

TL;DR: The application, advancement and future directions of SFF techniques in the design and creation of scaffolds for use in clinically driven tissue engineering are reviewed.

TL;DR: This paper presents a comprehensive review of the fabrication methods, including conventional, mainly manual, techniques and advanced processing methods such as rapid prototyping (RP) techniques.

TL;DR: Some of the new and exciting applications and related developments of various microbial surfactants in the field of biomedical sciences are discussed.

TL;DR: This detection platform provides a robust, inexpensive sensing technique with high sensitivity and considerable scope for quantitative signal data, enabling magnetoresistive biochips to meet specific diagnostic needs that are not met by existing technologies.

TL;DR: The aims of this article are to describe the features of one common organizational architecture in biology, the bow tie, which are necessary starting points for higher-resolution modeling of complex biologic processes.

TL;DR: The relationship between elementary modes and extreme pathways of previously published metabolic reconstructions of the human red blood cell and the human pathogen Helicobacter pylori are compared and contrasted.

TL;DR: This paper summarizes the current situation in the cell encapsulation field and discusses the main events that have occurred along the way, including capsule manufacture, properties and performance.

TL;DR: Methods and strategies for efficient nuclear transformation of microalgae are outlined, the main difficulties associated with stable expression of transgenes are discussed, and new molecular biology tools are needed to standardize genetic modifications of micro algae.

TL;DR: The high detectability of the luminescence analytical signal makes it appropriate for miniaturized bioanalytical devices for the high-throughput screening of genes and proteins in small sample volumes.

TL;DR: Scaffold-free microtissue design in liver, heart and cartilage is outlined, and how this technology could significantly impact regenerative medicine is discussed.

TL;DR: These integrated tools allow an increase in the scale of cell biological investigations to large-scale cell biology and their value is demonstrated by the rapid performance of a kinetic, multiparameter cytotoxicity assay enabling generation of 10 8 individual physiological cellular measurements in less than one day.

TL;DR: A variety of the molecular markers used to physically map genomes have now been successfully adapted for detection of food substitution, and successes include the speciation of meats, fish and fruit in processed food products, the identification of the geographical origin of olive oil and the detection of dilution of Basmati rice with non-Basmati varieties.

TL;DR: Empirical evidence is presented that shows that a range of outputs have failed to keep pace with increased research and development spending, suggesting that the assumptions underpinning much contemporary policymaking need to be rethought.

TL;DR: Three apoptotic pathways are summarized and different environmental and genetic methodologies implemented to limit cell death for biotechnology applications are discussed.

TL;DR: Understanding the mechanism of the milking process and its relationship to the product formation pathway should reveal whether other products can be milked from various species of microalgae.

TL;DR: This review discusses emerging novel biotechnological methods used in leather processing, including a bioprocess-based de-hairing and fiber-opening methodology to reduce toxic waste.

TL;DR: Here, it is proposed ways of overcoming the rejection of human embryonic stem cells after transplantation.

TL;DR: The requirement for gene-product identification in genomic studies, the development of high-throughput structural proteomics, the need for protein engineering without cell constraints, and the need to produce cytotoxic, poorly expressed and unstable proteins have caused increased interest in cell-free protein synthesis technologies for molecular biologists, biotechnologists and pharmacologists.

TL;DR: Improved bispecific antibodies are expected to show clinical efficacy in patients with cancer and other diseases, in a way that monoclonal antibodies have shown in recent years.

TL;DR: The recent advent of glycosynthases – specifically mutated glycosidases that efficiently synthesize oligosaccharides but do not hydrolyse them – represents a promising solution to these problems.

TL;DR: The contribution of farm animals to human health is summarized, covering the production of antimicrobial peptides, dietary supplements or functional foods, animals used as disease models and the contribution of animals to solving urgent environmental problems and challenges in medicine such as the shortage of human cells, tissues and organs and therapeutic proteins.

TL;DR: Enzyme assays for high-throughput screening and enzyme engineering, which are often based on derivatives of coumarin, nitrophenol, fluoresce in, nitrobenzofurazane or rhodamine dyes, can be divided into two categories: those that depend on labelled substrates, and those that depends on sensing the reactions of unmodified substrates.

TL;DR: The interfacing and integration of different technologies for data collection and analysis are pivotal to biomarker identification, characterization, validation and application, and "Integrative functional informatics" represents a novel direction in such technology integration.

TL;DR: Exploitation of the unique properties of DBP could enable the development of important therapeutic agents for the treatment of a variety of diseases.

TL;DR: Recent studies indicate that the use of mutants with altered responses to carbohydrates can significantly increase productivity and avoiding unnecessary exposure to glucose and sucrose could also improve the performance of industrial yeasts.

TL;DR: The current status of in vivo siRNA technology is discussed and some of the barriers to widespread application of RNAi-mediated gene silencing in mammals are described.