Showing papers in "Trends in Cell Biology in 2000"

TL;DR: This work has suggested that, in animal cells, aggregated proteins are specifically delivered to inclusion bodies by dynein-dependent retrograde transport on microtubules and this microtubule-dependent inclusion body is called an aggresome.

TL;DR: The current view of the mechanisms that lead to the efflux of many proteins from mitochondria during apoptosis and the role played by Bcl-2 family proteins in the control of this event are summarized.

TL;DR: The calmodulin-dependent regulation of protein kinases illustrates the potential mechanisms by which Ca2+-sensing proteins can recognize and generate affinity and specificity for effectors in a Ca2-dependent manner.

TL;DR: This review highlights new issues that have further complicated efforts to understand Ras and suggests that the authors are at the beginning, rather than at the end, of fully understanding Ras function.

TL;DR: Several extracellular agents and stress stimuli, such as tumour necrosis factor alpha, chemotherapeutic agents and heat, cause ceramide accumulation by regulating enzymes involved in its metabolism.

TL;DR: The separable substrate-recognition domains of E3 enzymes provides a flexible means of linking a conserved ubiquitylation function to potentially thousands of ubiquitylated substrates in eukaryotic cells.

TL;DR: Several proteins can traverse biological membranes through protein transduction by linking covalently to compounds, peptides, antisense peptide nucleic acids or 40-nm iron beads, or as in-frame fusions with full-length proteins, which lets them enter any cell type in a receptor- and transporter-independent fashion.

TL;DR: This review discusses current information concerning the structural organization of kelch repeat proteins, their biological roles and the molecular basis of their action.

TL;DR: This review focuses on recent advances in understanding of the mechanisms underlying the assembly of synapses in the central nervous system.

TL;DR: Members of one subclass of Sec7-domain proteins are direct targets of the secretion-inhibiting drug brefeldin A, which blocks the exchange reaction by trapping a reaction intermediate in an inactive, abortive complex.

TL;DR: The molecular basis for commitment to a Th1 or Th2 phenotype can probably be explained by multiple mechanisms, including differential cytokine signalling, exclusive cytokine receptor expression, differential expression of transcription factors and/or differential chromatin remodelling of Th1- and Th2-specific genes.

TL;DR: Unexpectedly, the nucleolus also seems to play a role in nuclear export, sequestering regulatory molecules, modifying small RNAs, assembling ribonucleoprotein (RNP) and controlling aging.

TL;DR: Fibroblast-collagen-matrix contraction provides a unique way to study reciprocal geometric and mechanical interactions between fibroblasts and extracellular matrix and the state of cellular mechanical loading determines the mechanism that cells use to regulate contraction.

TL;DR: The recent identification of a high-molecular-weight complex containing two kinases and a regulatory subunit has led to a flurry of new results that shed light on some of the most complex mechanisms contributing to the exquisite regulation of NF-κB activity.

TL;DR: Recent data from yeast and metazoans are discussed that suggest a remarkable conservation of the organization of the G2 DNA-damage checkpoint pathway.

TL;DR: This work has shown that plexins, alone, or in association with neuropilins, behave as fully functional semaphorin receptors, and their large cytoplasmic moiety is likely to trigger novel signal-transduction pathways.

TL;DR: Contribution of PDI homologues to the catalysis of oxidative folding will be discussed, as will similarities between eukaryotic and prokaryotic disulphide-bond-forming systems.

TL;DR: Recent discoveries endorse the view that, in many cases, the function of the relatives of ubiquitin is linked to the Ubiquitin pathway.

TL;DR: Findings profoundly change the current view of lysosomes as a 'final' station of the endocytic pathway and suggest a previously unsuspected active role for this organelle.

TL;DR: The genomic organization of transit peptides suggests that these domains might have originated from distinct exons, which were shuffled and streamlined throughout evolution to yield a modern, multifunctional transit peptide.

TL;DR: The Cas proteins (p130Cas, HEF1/Cas-L and Efs/Sin), a family of docking proteins containing multiple interaction domains, are important components of integrin receptor signalling and have been implicated in all of these processes.

TL;DR: By spatially regulating Rho GTPases and organizing the leading edge of the cell, PI3Ks and their lipid products could play pivotal roles not only in establishing leukocyte polarity but also as compass molecules that tell the cell where to crawl.

TL;DR: The hypothesis that lysosomal storage diseases can be caused by the accumulation of lipid rafts in late endosomes/lysosomes is forward.

TL;DR: It is suggested that the initial stages of HD result from dysfunction rather than death, and the potential discovery of compounds that might interfere with early pathogenic events are considered.

TL;DR: It is maintained that an increase in the first-encounter rate is too small to be responsible for truly enhanced signal transduction, and an important structural constraint imposed by this mechanism on signalTransduction proteins that might also account for the presence of adaptor proteins are discussed.

TL;DR: The subcellular localization of Rho GTPases and their regulatory proteins and the role of GTP hydrolysis in signal transmission are emphasized.

TL;DR: The evidence for actin in the nucleus is discussed and recent work suggesting that actin or actin-related proteins are involved in the regulation of nuclear processes such as chromatin remodelling is summarized.

TL;DR: Evidence suggests that the Rho GTPase family of signalling proteins is intimately involved in endocytic traffic, providing novel insights into the control mechanisms that govern this process.

TL;DR: Genetic studies have shown that people with mutations in either lamins A/C or emerin, a nuclear membrane protein, develop Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy, and this article discusses these and other recent results in the wider context of nuclear envelope function, as a framework for thinking about the possible ways that defects in nuclear envelope proteins can lead to disease.

TL;DR: This review focuses on the proteins and protein complexes that have been implicated in various targeting reactions that affect the transport of material between membrane-bounded organelles in eukaryotic cells.