Showing papers in "Trends in Cell Biology in 2003"

TL;DR: Research on fibroblast biology in three-dimensional collagen matrices offers new opportunities to understand the reciprocal and adaptive interactions that occur between cells and surrounding matrix in a tissue-like environment.

TL;DR: Recent discoveries suggest that p21 and p27 might have new activities that are unrelated to their function as CDK inhibitors, which are unexpected functions for these proteins in the control of CDK activation, in the regulation of apoptosis and in transcriptional activation.

TL;DR: The known structural, regulatory and functional features of podosomes are summarized and discussed, the aim being to stimulate further research into these unique structures.

TL;DR: The pivotal function of lysosomal membrane proteins is also highlighted by the recent identification of disease-causing mutations in cystine and sialic acid transporter proteins, leading to nephropathic cystinosis and Salla disease.

TL;DR: Rho family small GTPases serve as molecular switches involved in the regulation of diverse cellular functions including various cytoskeleton-related events and gene transcription and are implicated as specific negative regulators of Rho protein signalling pathways.

TL;DR: The Id proteins have become important molecules for understanding basic biological processes as well as targets for potential therapeutic intervention in human disease.

TL;DR: This review summarizes current studies primarily from Drosophila regarding the function of the insulin/IGF system in the control of growth.

TL;DR: This work has a first biochemical map of the earliest 90S pre-ribosomes and of their daughter pre-40S and pre-60S ribosomal subunits along their path from the nucleolus to the cytoplasm.

TL;DR: Once thought to be only molecular scaffolds that indirectly affected cellular functions through the binding of other proteins, recent in vitro studies have illustrated that formins can function as actin nucleators in the formation of new filaments.

TL;DR: A model, termed 'virtual gating', is suggested to explain the mechanism of this rapid and selective macromolecular trafficking in eukaryotic nucleus.

TL;DR: The structure, mechanism of action and function of members of the Gab/Dos subfamily of scaffolding adaptor proteins play a crucial role in transmitting key signals that control cell growth, differentiation and function from multiple receptors are reviewed.

TL;DR: The success of EGFR modeling can be a guide to combining models and experiments productively to understand complex biological processes as integrated systems.

TL;DR: This work discusses the possible role of the Mre11 complex as a primary damage sensor and the complex relationship between DNA damage sensors, transducers and mediators and proposed criteria for defining sensor proteins.

TL;DR: The roles of PTEN in normal cellular functions and disease development are reviewed, showing that it is involved in the regulation of several basic cellular functions, such as cell migration, cell size, contractility of cardiac myocytes and chemotaxis.

TL;DR: Evidence that proteins can be palmitoylated at different locations in the cell, how targeting to these locations might be directed, and aspects of the proposed functions ofPalmitoylation are discussed.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors studied the mechanisms and signals that govern the selective export process of secretory proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to transport vesicles.

TL;DR: It now seems clear that caveolae are stable membrane domains that are kept in place by the actin cytoskeleton, however, this stability can be perturbed, leading to caveolar internalization.

TL;DR: Whether a universal principle for the molecular function of SM genes exists and whether the divergence in SM gene function can be related to the unique characteristics of different transport routes is examined.

TL;DR: The bacterium Listeria monocytogenes has the unusual capacity to enter and to multiply in nonphagocytic cells as discussed by the authors, which is triggered by the two surface proteins internalin (also called InlA) and InlB, which interact with host cell receptors and either mimic or act in place of the normal cellular ligands.

TL;DR: This review summarizes how a Virtual Cell model is assembled and describes the physical principles underlying the calculations that are performed, to illustrate the power of this paradigm for elucidating cell biology.

TL;DR: The taxonomic distribution and tissue expression of RTNs are reviewed, recent discoveries about RTN localization and membrane topology are summarized, and the possible functions of RTN are discussed.

TL;DR: How genes are expressed in the population is strikingly different to what the authors have assumed from extrapolating to an average cell, and it is becoming increasingly clear that it doesn't.

TL;DR: The Ras-like GTPases (Ral-GTPases), which until recently existed in the shadow of their close cousins--the Ras proto-oncogenes, have yielded insights into previously unappreciated roles in intensively investigated disciplines such as vesicle trafficking, cell morphology, transcription and possibly even human oncogenesis.

TL;DR: The Gab1 adaptor protein and its effector, the SHP2 tyrosine phosphatase, have been found to be crucial for tubulogenesis and for the sustained stimulation of the ERK/MAP kinase pathway.

TL;DR: This review examines unique signals presented by apoptotic cells and the mechanisms by which phagocytes recognize and respond to these signals to orchestrate the selective and rapid removal of apoptosis.

TL;DR: In vitro systems can be used to study tube formation and might help to define common principles underlying the formation of diverse types of tubular organ.

TL;DR: The evidence that plus-end-binding and the control of microtubule dynamics are mechanistically linked is reviewed, and the possibility that, by studying +TIPs, the authors might learn more about the dynamic structural changes at the microtubules ends that are at the heart of dynamic instability is considered.

TL;DR: Higher plants also possess Arm repeat proteins, which, like their animal counterparts, function in intracellular signalling, and genome sequencing has identified a plethora of Arm-related proteins in Arabidopsis.

TL;DR: Septins are a conserved eukaryotic family of GTP-binding filament-forming proteins with functions in cytokinesis and other processes in S. cerevisiae, mainly by acting as a scaffold to direct the neck localization of septin-associated proteins.

TL;DR: The key switch for the onset of mitosis is the archetypal cyclin-dependent kinase, Cdc2, an executive of protein serine/threonine kinases that fall into three families: the Polo kinases, Aurora kinases and the NIMA-related kinases (Nrk).