Showing papers in "Trends in Cell Biology in 2019"

TL;DR: The role of the transcriptional and epigenetic landscapes, gene regulatory network and their surrounding niche in controlling the transition through the different EMT states in cancer is summarized.

TL;DR: How studies on resistance mechanisms have yielded important insights into the regulation of DNA double-strand break repair and replication fork protection is discussed, and how these studies could pave the way for novel treatment options to target resistance mechanisms or acquired vulnerabilities.

TL;DR: This work provides a comprehensive view on the currently known microtubule-associated proteins in mammals and discusses their molecular mechanisms and functions, as well as their physiological role and links to pathologies.

TL;DR: This work elaborate on how the facultative PRC2 subunits regulate catalytic activity, locus-specificPRC2 binding, and propagation of H3K27me3, and how this affects chromatin structure, gene expression, and cell fate.

TL;DR: Recent advances in mitochondria-lysosome contact site regulation and function are summarized, and their potential roles in cellular homeostasis and various human diseases are discussed.

TL;DR: The conceptual advances on three major folding routes are reviewed: spontaneous, chaperone-independent folding; folding assisted by repetitive Hsp70 cycles; and folding by the HSp70-Hsp90 cascades.

TL;DR: The molecular and cellular mechanisms through which WNT signaling influences cancer immunosurveillance are discussed and potential therapeutic avenues to harness currently available WNT modulators for cancer immunotherapy are presented.

TL;DR: The therapeutic targeting of epigenetic enzymes may be used to decrease intratumoral cellular heterogeneity and treatment resistance, when used in combination with other types of agents.

TL;DR: The molecular and cellular function of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is summarized and some key results which demonstrate the role of m6A in various cancers are highlighted.

TL;DR: The understanding of poly(A) tail length has evolved over the past 5 years with the recognition that highly expressed genes can have short poly( a) tails and the elucidation of the seemingly contradictory roles for poly( A)-binding protein (PABP) in facilitating both protection and deadenylation.

TL;DR: This work broadens the definition of BRCAness to include RFP and regulatory mechanisms that cause synthetic lethality with PARPis, which include mechanisms of RFP regulation, DNA damage checkpoint proteins, as well as kinases that regulate BRCa1/2 function.

TL;DR: The current understanding of acetate metabolism is discussed in the context of cell-autonomous metabolic regulation, cell-cell interactions, and systemic physiology, and applications relevant to health and disease, particularly cancer, are emphasized.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the cellular mechanisms affected by shuttling of nucleolar components, including the 3D organization of the genome, stress response, DNA repair and recombination, transcription regulation, telomere maintenance, and other essential cellular functions.

TL;DR: Recent advances in the field of mitochondrial dynamics are discussed, demonstrating cell- and tissue-specific effects of mitochondrial fragmentation on cellular metabolism, cell survival, and mitochondrial quality control.

TL;DR: The versatile impact of TIMP-1 on cellular functions stems from its two-domain structure harboring metalloproteinase-inhibitory and cytokine-like signaling activities that leads to functional interactions with numerous and distinct enzymatic and cell-surface proteins that initiate an exceptionally broad range of downstream effects.

TL;DR: This review discusses emerging understanding of the synthesis and function of branched ubiquitin chains, which elicit a wide array of biological outputs, further expanding the versatility, specificity, and efficiency of Ubiquitin-dependent signaling.

TL;DR: This work has shown that accessory proteins and post-translational modifications regulate the localization and activity of kinesin-5 motors in cells and provides insight into how these motors function during mitosis.

TL;DR: Structural knowledge of this regulation of anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome E3 ligase is reviewed, focusing on coactivators, E2 ubiquitin (Ub)-conjugating enzymes, and inhibitors engage or influence multiple sites on APC/C including the cullin-RING catalytic core.

TL;DR: This work focuses on molecular mechanisms of actomyosin regulation recently elucidated in animal models, and highlights several common principles that emerge.

TL;DR: An overview of the role of nuclear actin and actin-binding proteins in DNA repair is provided, critically evaluating the experimental tools used and potential indirect effects.

TL;DR: This work overviews recent advances in the function and regulation of the UFM1 pathway, and its implications for cell physiology and disease.

TL;DR: The requirements for mitotic chromosomes to successfully transmit genetic information to daughter cells and the biophysical principles that underpin such requirements are reviewed.

TL;DR: The role, mechanisms, and regulation of homologous recombination (HR) in the formation of simple and complex chromosomal rearrangements and features of the recently characterized multi-invasion (MI)-induced rearrangement (MIR) pathway which uniquely amplifies the initial DNA damage are emphasized.

TL;DR: Recent advances in the regulation and role of lipids in longevity are described, focusing on the interaction between lipid metabolism and chromatin states in aging and age-related diseases.

TL;DR: Recent work on the use of laminin-based cell culture matrices in stem cell differentiation is described, which can be made chemically defined and fully xeno-free - a prerequisite for preparing therapeutic stem cell-derived cells.

TL;DR: This work focuses on the cellular functions of class II PI3Ks in different cell systems and underline the emerging importance of these enzymes in various physiological and pathological contexts.

TL;DR: Elucidation of the role of phase separation and transition in the degradation of disease-related protein condensates will provide insights into the molecular mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of various diseases.

TL;DR: Accumulating evidence supports the potential of using epigenetic therapy to not only reactivate silenced genes in cancer cells, but to also increase antitumor immunogenicity, by reactivation of endogenous retroviruses, to increase tumor immune-infiltration, and to reinvigorate T cell exhaustion.

TL;DR: This work highlights the discovery and activities of several key sets of fusion proteins that together offer an evolving perspective on cell membrane fusion in vertebrates and skeletal muscle.

TL;DR: Criteria and methodologies for correct identification of the different RCD forms are introduced and how the autophagy machinery is directly associated with specific cell death forms is discussed, which highlights how the balance of the relationship between other cell death pathways and autophile presides over life and death in specific cellular contexts.