Showing papers in "Trends in Cognitive Sciences in 2010"

TL;DR: It is argued that the emerging science of large-scale brain networks provides a coherent framework for understanding of cognition that allows a principled exploration of how cognitive functions emerge from, and are constrained by, core structural and functional networks of the brain.

TL;DR: CFC might serve as a mechanism to transfer information from large-scale brain networks operating at behavioral timescales to the fast, local cortical processing required for effective computation and synaptic modification, thus integrating functional systems across multiple spatiotemporal scales.

TL;DR: FMRI data indicate a key role for MD cortex in defining and controlling the parts of such programs, with focus on the specific content of a current cognitive operation, rapid reorganization as mental focus is changed, and robust separation of successive task steps.

TL;DR: The observed training effects suggest that WM training could be used as a remediating intervention for individuals for whom low WM capacity is a limiting factor for academic performance or in everyday life.

TL;DR: It is argued that the alternative possibility that brain functions are mainly intrinsic, involving information processing for interpreting, responding to and predicting environmental demands best captures the essence of brain function.

TL;DR: Results from various spontaneous-response tasks are reviewed that suggest that infants in the second year of life can already attribute false beliefs about location and identity as well as false perceptions.

TL;DR: This work provides an operational definition of social interaction and shows that interactive processes are more than a context for social cognition: they can complement and even replace individual mechanisms.

TL;DR: It is argued that learning an internal model of the sensory environment is another key aspect of the same statistical inference procedure and thus perception and learning need to be treated jointly.

TL;DR: These findings point to a more intimate and multifaceted interplay between attention and multisensory integration than was previously thought, and propose a framework that unifies previous, apparently discordant, findings.

TL;DR: Three interdependent domains that have been related to navigational abilities are considered: cognitive and perceptual factors, neural information processing and variability in brain microstructure, which converge into an emerging model of how different factors interact to produce individual patterns of navigational performance.

TL;DR: It is argued that attentional mechanisms controlled by the dorsal visual stream help in serial scanning of letters and any deficits in this process will cause a cascade of effects, including impairments in visual processing of graphemes, their translation into phonemes and the development of phonemic awareness.

TL;DR: Evidence is reviewed that highlights multiple mechanisms whereby dopamine biases memory towards events that are of motivational significance, permitting both expectations and outcomes to influence memory.

TL;DR: Studies that measured reliability of cortical activity within or between human subjects in response to naturalistic stimulation are reviewed, providing an opportunity to address novel questions concerning natural vision, temporal scale of processing, memory and the neural basis of inter-group differences.

TL;DR: Because dysfunctions in these structures are related to emotional disorders, a better understanding of music-evoked emotions and their neural correlates can lead to a more systematic and effective use of music in therapy.

TL;DR: A modified cognitive neurophysiological model of Aaron T. Beck's cognitive formulation of anxiety and depression is proposed that provides an elaborated account of the cognitive and neural mediational processes of cognitive therapy (CT) as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: It is argued that the top-down approach to modeling cognition yields greater flexibility for exploring the representations and inductive biases that underlie human cognition.

TL;DR: Understanding the causes and consequences of mind perception can explain when this most social of cognitive skills will be used, and why it matters.

TL;DR: Converging evidence from animal research, clinical studies and neuroimaging suggests that the need for control is a biological imperative for survival, and a corticostriatal network is implicated as the neural substrate of this adaptive behavior.

TL;DR: Two crucial areas of research, hierarchical control and the problem of movement initiation, are highlighted that need to be developed for an optimal feedback control theory framework to characterise movement coordination more fully and to serve as a basis for studying the neural mechanisms involved in voluntary motor control.

TL;DR: The role of neural synchrony for normal brain development as well as its potential importance for understanding neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and schizophrenia, are highlighted.

TL;DR: Evidence supports the view that subcortical structures, such as the striatum, make significant contributions to initial learning and indicates that automatic behaviors are striatum- and dopamine-independent, and might be mediated entirely within cortex.

TL;DR: It is possible to start integrating these two strands of research to address fundamental questions that dreams pose for cognitive neuroscience: how conscious experiences in sleep relate to underlying brain activity; why the dreamer is largely disconnected from the environment; and whether dreaming is more closely related to mental imagery or to perception.

TL;DR: It is argued that the available evidence is more consistent with a crucial role for the ANS, rather than for the OTS, in the acquisition of abstract numerical concepts that are uniquely human.

TL;DR: It is proposed that connectionist, dynamical systems, and related approaches, which focus on explaining the mechanisms that give rise to cognition, will be essential in achieving a full understanding of cognition and development.

TL;DR: This article identifies System 1 with the automatic operations of associative memory and draws on research in the priming paradigm to describe how it operates, explaining how three features of associatives memory give rise to major biases of intuitive judgment.

TL;DR: It is argued that these location pointers, the core operators of spatial attention, are linked to identity information and that such a link is necessary to establish a workable visual architecture and to explain frequently reported positive spatiotopic biases.

TL;DR: It is argued that a deficit in numerosity coding, not in the approximate number system or the small number system, is responsible for dyscalculia.

TL;DR: Findings of scaling laws in cognitive science are indicative of scaling invariance in cognitive mechanisms and multiplicative interactions among interdependent components of cognition.

TL;DR: It seems that a common computational strategy, which is highly consistent with a normative model of causal inference, is exploited by the perceptual system in a variety of domains.

TL;DR: It is argued that the empirical evidence for phenomenal consciousness without access is equivocal, resulting either from a confusion between phenomenal and unconscious contents, or from an impression of phenomenally rich experiences arising from illusory contents.