Showing papers in "Trends in Genetics in 2004"

TL;DR: Vertebrates have at least 27 collagen types with 42 distinct polypeptide chains, >20 additional proteins with collagen-like domains and approximately 20 isoenzymes of various collagen-modifying enzymes.

TL;DR: The expansion of the Fgf and Fgfr gene families has enabled this signaling system to acquire functional diversity and, therefore, an almost ubiquitous involvement in developmental and physiological processes.

TL;DR: This article shows that all of these divergence-time estimates were generated through improper methodology on the basis of a single calibration point that has been unjustly denuded of error.

TL;DR: The finding that the hist one H3.3 variant, which has a conserved N-terminal tail, can replace histone H3 at sites of active transcription, adds a new layer of complexity and possibilities to the regulation of transcription through changes in chromatin structure.

TL;DR: It is shown that meta-analysis has been successful in revealing unexpected sources of heterogeneity, such as publication bias, and can confirm the involvement of a genetic variant, but it is not a substitute for an adequately powered primary study.

TL;DR: The potential roles of huntingtin-protein interactions in the pathogenesis of Huntington's disease are focused on.

TL;DR: Once physically removed from their closest relatives, the NBS-LRR genes might adopt and preserve new specificities because they are less prone to sequence homogenization.

TL;DR: An approach to common human disease is proposed that incorporates epigenetic variation into genetic studies and might help to explain the late onset and progressive nature of most common diseases, the quantitative nature of complex traits and the role of environment in disease development, which a purely sequence-based approach might not.

TL;DR: These findings suggest that siRNAs can regulate the expression of unintended targets, and argue for further experiments on the mechanism and extent of off-target gene regulation(s).

TL;DR: Evidence is examined for an ancient whole-genome duplication (tetraploidization) event that probably occurred just before the teleost radiation, which could have contributed to the genetic isolation of populations, to lineage-specific diversification of developmental programs, and ultimately to phenotypic variation among teleost fish.

TL;DR: The analysis of the N. crassa genome sequence reveals a complete absence of intact mobile elements and reveals that RIP has impacted genome evolution significantly through gene duplication, which is considered to be crucial for the evolution of new functions.

TL;DR: The impact of Drosophila genetics on the field of insect resistance and the current and future impact of genomics is reviewed and three fundamental questions in the evolution of resistance are addressed.

TL;DR: This work reviews the recent identification of microRNA cell death regulators in Drosophila, hints that such regulators are also likely to exist in mammals, and more generally the approaches and tools that are now available to probe roles for noncoding RNAs in the control of cell death.

TL;DR: This article introduces the notion of 'marginal essentiality' through combining quantitatively the results from large-scale phenotypic experiments and finds that this quantity relates to many of the topological characteristics of protein-protein interaction networks.

TL;DR: Riboswitches are structures that form in mRNA and regulate gene expression in bacteria as mentioned in this paper, and they are directly bound by small ligands, which can cause premature termination of transcription or inhibition of translation initiation.

TL;DR: The process of mRNA decay is integral to the post-transcriptional control of gene expression, and now several laboratories have found that the mRNA decay machinery is localized to discrete cytoplasmic foci whose existence had not been suspected previously.

TL;DR: How comparative genomic data from mammals is progressing to resolve long-standing phylogenetic controversies, to refine dogma on how chromosomes evolve and to guide annotation of human and other vertebrate genomes is described.

TL;DR: It is concluded that a significant portion of cassette exons evident in EST databases is not functional, and might result from aberrant rather than regulated splicing.

TL;DR: The understanding of the specific function of host proteins involved in DNA repair and maintenance for T-DNA integration is reviewed, and a detailed model for integration is proposed.

TL;DR: No templating machinery has been identified that is capable of propagating histone modifications and conformations, but potential solutions to this enigma come from recent insights into histone variants and the specialized complexes that assemble them into nucleosomes.

TL;DR: Although recent genome-wide analyses have revealed striking patterns of protein-sequence divergence among the members of surviving paralogous gene families, the mechanisms responsible for the historical development of these patterns remain unclear.

TL;DR: Two molecular mechanisms based on differential target-gene responsiveness to signalling threshold levels transduced by either the STAT1/3 or the SHP2/ERK cascade, which are under reciprocal negative regulation and together account for the majority of intracellular gp130 signalling are identified.

TL;DR: Progress is reviewed on the development and implementation of several gene expression systems that offer control in time and space and systems employing the yeast FLP recombinase gene and FRT sites are reviewed.

TL;DR: A comprehensive two-step approach to analysis is proposed that systemically addresses the different genetic factors that are likely to underlie complex diseases.

TL;DR: The results of recent studies indicate intriguing links between chromatin remodeling, histone methylation, DNA methylation and RNA interference.

TL;DR: The genetic diversity and lack of sequence homology found in maize influences recombinational properties and local linkage disequilibrium levels but also challenges the understanding of the relationship between the genome sequence and species definition.

TL;DR: Genes retained in duplicate form a functionally biased set and include a significant over-representation of genes involved in the regulation of transcription in Arabidopsis thaliana.

TL;DR: Stochastic activation of an OR gene and negative-feedback regulation by the OR gene product might ensure the maintenance of the one neuron-one receptor rule in the mammalian olfactory system.

TL;DR: Concerns regarding confidence intervals of molecular time estimates and fossil calibrations are unfounded, and other paleontologists disagree, and Reisz and Muller have failed to provide robust fossil evidence or to consider sequence availability.

TL;DR: Present knowledge suggests that alanine tract expansions generally, but not always, arise through unequal recombination as opposed to replication slippage, the most likely mechanism in other triplet repeat expansions.