Showing papers in "Trends in Immunology in 2004"

TL;DR: Recent evidence suggests that differential modulation of the chemokine system integrates polarized macrophages in pathways of resistance to, or promotion of, microbial pathogens and tumors, or immunoregulation, tissue repair and remodeling.

TL;DR: Results strongly suggest that the classical and alternative pathways to NF-κB activation have distinct regulatory functions, one that is mostly involved in innate immunity and the other in adaptive immunity.

TL;DR: The increased concentrations of TNF-alpha and IL-6, associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes, might interfere with insulin action by suppressing insulin signal transduction, which might interfering with the anti-inflammatory effect of insulin, which in turn might promote inflammation.

TL;DR: New insights into the role of chemokines in leukocytes attraction and relocation will be discussed, with emphasis on the distinct levels of leukocyte migration control that ultimately determine the performance of the immune defense system.

TL;DR: Adenosine, a purine nucleoside that is elaborated at injured and inflamed sites, has a central role in the regulation of inflammatory responses and in limiting inflammatory tissue destruction.

TL;DR: This work proposes evidence for at least two potential locations of in vivo interactions for human NK cells and DCs, including sites of inflammation and lymph nodes.

TL;DR: This review is an attempt to draw structural and functional parallels between the members of the C1q and TNF superfamily, which are involved in processes as diverse as host defense, inflammation, apoptosis, autoimmunity, cell differentiation, organogenesis, hibernation and insulin-resistant obesity.

TL;DR: Better understanding of how CXC chemokines not only influence the sequential participation of inflammatory cells but also regulate, in a coordinate way, the inflammatory reaction leading to angiogenesis, tissue repair and new tissue generation is enabled.

TL;DR: The lymphatic vascular system is important for immune surveillance, tissue fluid homeostasis and fat absorption, and is involved in many pathological processes, including tumor metastasis and lymphedema, and administration of lymphangiogenic growth factors or their antagonists provides the possibility of targeting lymphatic vessels in human disease.

TL;DR: Recent observations indicate that platelets have key roles in adaptive responses to microbial and antigen challenge, in addition to their well known acute defensive activities in tissue injury, and suggest that these mechanisms can be dysregulated in disease.

TL;DR: This Review discusses the impact of recent developments on the future of prime-boost vaccine strategies, which have been shown to generate high levels of T-cell memory in animal models and demonstrated efficacy in humans.

TL;DR: It is proposed that beneficial and destructive mediators are either released from separate granules or much smaller vesicles regulated by selectively distinct signals, such as tumor-derived oxidized polyamines or nitric oxide from new endothelial cells.

TL;DR: Members of the TLR9 subfamily bridge innate and adaptive immunity by activating immature antigen-presenting dendritic cells into professional antigen- presenting cells in a T helper cell-independent fashion upon ligand-driven activation.

TL;DR: Improvements, in deciphering the coupling of the high affinity IgE receptor (FceRI) to the secretory machinery, promote a new paradigm of the molecular coordination of MC exocytosis.

TL;DR: The well-characterized clotting cascade in horseshoe crabs is strongly activated by bacterial elicitors, in contrast to vertebrate clotting where induction relies more on endogenous signals.

TL;DR: It is argued that GBS should be considered as an excellent paradigm and an attractive model for elucidation of both host and microbial aspects of molecular mimicry.

TL;DR: Understanding the full implications of the regulatory role of PGE2 and how beneficial processes, such as inflammation and tissue repair, become dysregulated to the point of causing disease, might disclose new perspectives in the treatment of pulmonary diseases.

TL;DR: Mucosal immunology is increasingly gaining attention as an area of great potential for the development of vaccines and immunotherapy, however, some immunologists confuse this field by neglecting recommended and well-defined terminology.

TL;DR: It is proposed that photoperiodic information, mediated by melatonin, might also influence immune responses, and enhance immune function and increased survival in animals during winter.

TL;DR: More effective eosinophil-depleting agents than anti-IL-5 are required before the definitive role of this cell type in asthma airway pathophysiology can be established.

TL;DR: UPA anchors uPA at the cell surface and, in addition to favoring extracellular matrix degradation, regulates cell migration, cell adhesion and cell proliferation, thus influencing the development of inflammatory and immune responses.

TL;DR: The immunological synapse has proved to be a stimulating concept, particularly in provoking discussion on the similarity of intercellular communication controlling disparate biological processes.

TL;DR: The discoveries of a new gene rearrangement mechanism in lampreys and a somatic diversification of mollusk immune genes are made, prompting the revisit of the artificial dichotomy between adaptive and innate immune systems.

TL;DR: An integrated view of disease pathogenesis is presented, taking into account immune biology, broad-scale genomic characterization and the response of psoriasis to immune-targeted therapies.

TL;DR: Using β-glucan as an adjuvant for mAb immunotherapy enables iC3b deposited on tumor cells by mAbs to activate complement receptor 3 (CR3) on effector cells, thus inducing CR3-dependent cellular cytotoxicity.

TL;DR: It is argued that the best explanation for polyreactivity is that the antigen-binding ‘pocket' of many antibody molecules is more flexible than previously thought and can change conformation to accommodate different antigens.

TL;DR: It is hypothesize that it is the chronic antigenic stimulation by CMV (and possibly other persisting antigens) that leads to an increasing prevalence of senescent, dysfunctional T cells, and therefore contributes to more general alterations in the immune system, which are associated with earlier mortality.

TL;DR: A comprehensive, three-dimensional model of C1 is presented and insights into the mechanisms underlying its activation and the extraordinarily versatile recognition properties of its C1q subunit are provided.

TL;DR: Evolution of different GTPase families to combat compartmentalized versus cytosolic pathogens reveals a hitherto unexpected level of intracellular discrimination during vertebrate host defense.

TL;DR: T cells of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) exhibit persistent MHP, cytoplasmic alkalinization, increased ROI production and depleted ATP, which mediate enhanced spontaneous and diminished activation-induced apoptosis and sensitize l upus T cells to necrosis.