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Showing papers in "Trends in Neurosciences in 1979"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The discovery of cooperativity in the nerve fibres of this part of the brain, the hippocampus, now provides a possible physiological basis for at least some learning processes.

365 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The functional units of the cerebellar cortex have been identified as sagittal zones with a width of about 1 mm and a length of up to more than 100 mm, corresponding in a sense with the classical cell columns of the cerebral cortex.

338 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Panksepp et al. as discussed by the authors put forward the idea that autism is an emotional disturbance arising from an upset in the opiate systems in the brain, and hence proposed, as a possibility, opiate antagonist therapy for the autistic syndrome.

303 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: With the use of this greatly refined technique the knowledge of the electrical behaviour of individual muscle fibres, of the motor end-plate, and of the intramuscular nerve tree, has been and is being greatly increased.

227 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The studies which have been carried out, mainly on the relatively homogeneous cerebellum, to find out at which of the stages of cell formation, migration, maturation, and death, that it is that the thyroid hormones have their effect.

100 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The classical view has been that nerve cells and neurones are so differentiated in structure and function from other cells that they could be easily distinguished, but in the light of recent evidence, it is now very difficult to categorize some cells as nerve cells rather than endocrine cells, and vice versa.

91 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe the anatomy of these connections and ties in the dopaminergic pathways in these systems, while suggesting a role of the ventral tegmental area in the brainstem as a dopamineergic "crossroad" with other transmitter pathways.

86 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Results indicate that parallel processing of auditory information is an important feature of the organization of this structure and that different auditory functions may be localized in different subnuclei of the auditory midbrain.

83 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: When the neural systems which are responsible for postural atonia during paradoxical sleep are destroyed, sleeping cats periodically display stereotyped motor activity, revealing a rich repertoire of non-goal-directed ‘oneiric behaviour’.

83 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: New anatomical methods for tracing pathways in the central nervous system have greatly clarified the relationship of the hippocampal formation to the neocortex and the brainstem, but the essential function of the hippocampus remains an enigma.

77 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Neurones have traditionally been accepted to contain and utilize single transmitter substances (a concept known as Dale's principle) but as a result of recent data, ideas are changing.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: For the present time it would seem only sensible to test all available female relatives of males with X-linked disorders in order to determine if more heterozygotes are present in the population than previously suspected.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Alan Peters describes a modification and combination of light and electronmicroscopic techniques which has now enabled progress to be made in answering the question as to the type of cells it is on which the thalamocortical connections have their effects.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A simple alteration of the fixing process prevents this artefact occurring, and electronmicroscopy then shows an interesting distribution of extracellular space.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Michael Bradbury considers why such a barrier should have developed during evolution, and its value in homeostatic maintenance of the neuronal environment.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The hypothesis that the variability of the symptoms observed in schizophrenia arises from a disturbance in the balance in the brain between α- and γ-type endorphins, both being metabolic products of β-endorphin is described.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Uwe Proske examines the known facts of muscle receptors and their contribution to the control of posture and movement, and tries to incorporate them in a model which takes into account the new findings.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results of measurements of levels of brain neurotransmitter concentrations and metabolism, and the effects of antidepressant treatment on these levels, have been very variable as mentioned in this paper, and some of these data appear contradictory.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The findings suggest that stereoscopic neurons in the visual cortex of the macaque comprise three operational systems: a zero-disparity system that is involved in fine depth discrimination with the obligatory singleness of vision, and the maintenance of vergence, a near- and a far-disparable system that together signal qualitative estimates of depth with double vision,and vergence responses to large disparities.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is suggested that the diversities of postsynaptic actions can be resolved into two distinct classes, named ionotropic and metabotropic, as has been fully described in the current book.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Bombesin is a peptide originally extracted from the skin of the European frog that has been shown to have marked thermolytic, hyperglycaemic, and satiety actions, leading to the theory that bombesin may coordinate various of the physiological process required for nutrient homeostasis.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Crow as mentioned in this paper reviewed the evidence that neuroleptic drugs exert their antipsychotic effects by blocking dopamine receptors and concluded that the results of a recent clinical study are entirely consistent with this theory and eliminate some other possibilities.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The noradrenergic locus coeruleus as mentioned in this paper has been suggested to have a role in selective attention, a role that might serve to filter out the voices of insanity.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: From behaviour-related studies, Yasuko Jacquet suggests that there are two classes of opiate receptor in the periaqueductal grey region of the midbrain and the ligand for one is β-endorphin and, for the other, corticotropin.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The cerebellum is responsible for the fine coordination of muscle tone and movement, permitting a delicate and precise control of both posture and locomotion.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A series of experiments in the septo-hippocampal and nigrostriatal systems are described which show that grafts of cholinergic or monoaminergic neurones can substitute - in certain cases very precisely - for a lost innervation in a denervated brain region, and that neural transplants can serve as bridges for the regeneration of lesioned neurones in the host brain across a tissue defect.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: George Szekely takes two early experiments which originally added weight to the chemospecific theory of neural organization, and demonstrates that with the application of more recent techniques, a hypothesis based on statistical probabilities may be more appropriate.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The case for using the locust as a simple model for the study of the cellular mechanisms underlying motor learning is put forward.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The extrasynaptic components of the GABA-system in the mammalian peripheral nervous system are examined and it is suggested how they help to understand some aspects of gabanergic function in the brain.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The view presented here is that the neocortex is not essential for learning under either of the major paradigms (Pavlovian conditioning and instrumental learning), and learning may in fact be shown even more clearly when the neoc cortex is absent.