Showing papers in "Trends in Neurosciences in 1982"

TL;DR: In the rhesus monkey, the cortices of the parahippocampal gyrus are pivotal relay areas in a series of multisynaptic input pathways that connect the hippocampal formation to other areas of the cerebral cortex.

TL;DR: Abstract J.-P. Ewert reports on a NATO-Advanced Study Institute on ‘Advances in Vertebrate Neuroethology', conducted at the University of Kassel, F.R.G., last August, which highlighted the need to understand more fully the role of ‘cell reprograming’ in brain injury.

TL;DR: Experimental neuroanatomical studies seem to indicate that much of the output of the ventral striato-pallidal system is directed toward motor targets.

TL;DR: The postural reactions produced by freely standing subjects attempting to compensate for external perturbations and executing simple arm movements are described, while exposed to unexpectedly different sensory conditions and configurations of postural support.

TL;DR: A novel hypothesis is put forward: that there are contractile proteins associated with each spine, probably in the cytoplasm, which allow the spine to change its shape rapidly during neuronal activity.

TL;DR: Their maximal development in humans provides additional proof of their relevance to higher functions, and both clinical and experimental evidence implicate them in many different forms of complex behavior.

TL;DR: This comparison may provide explanations for the predominance of straight line trajectories in human reaching and pointing movements, the role of feedback during arm movement, as well as plausible compensatory mechanisms for arm dynamics.

TL;DR: The mechanisms involved in the regression of the supernumerary synapses are considered in the light of results obtained from strains of mutant mice and X-irradiated rats in which the development of the cerebellum is abnormal.

TL;DR: The author's express wish is to make accessible to the non-specialist the recent work and ideas concerned with the subcellular organization of the neuron, and especially the synapse, and within this scope the material is very well organized.

TL;DR: A simple strategy of choosing a new posture via the length/tension curves and letting a limb move until equilibrium is established is not the control algorithm used by the vertebrate motor system.

TL;DR: These changes in central somatotopic organization suggest that either the effectiveness of previously existing synapses can be modified dramatically, or that new connections and synapses may be formed in a topographically controlled manner — perhaps both these processes occur.

TL;DR: This excellent collection of scientific papers presented at the 'Second International Symposium on Catecholamines and Stress' in Czechoslovakia in 1979 suggests that there are at least two quite different sysstress.

TL;DR: A preliminary definition of the circadian system of the mammalian brain is attempted, indicating that the functions of circadian rhythm generation and regulation are sufficiently discrete and the CNS regions participating in them so localized that it is appropriate to speak of a circadian system.

TL;DR: A review of biochemical, pharmacological and genetic studies on aggression in animals and humans is given by Eichelman et al. as mentioned in this paper, who discuss the effects of lesion and drug manipulations on nonhuman primate aggression.

TL;DR: It is suggested that two syndromes can be distinguished — one, the syndrome of positive symptoms which responds to drugs is a neurochemical disturbance and associated with an increase in numbers of D2 dopamine receptors; the other, a syndrome of negative symptoms and intellectual impairment, may be a consequence of a degenerative process leading to cell loss.

TL;DR: Brief trains of high-frequency stimulation, delivered to monosynaptic pathways in the hippocampus, can increase the amplitude of evoked potentials for several hours or even days, providing a dramatic mammalian model for the sort of enduring changes in synaptic efficacy which are widely assumed to form the neural substrate for learning and memory.

TL;DR: In this review, an enormous controversy has arisen concerning the existence, identification and classification of dopamine receptors and a synthesis is attempted which is hoped will disentangle you from the morass of confusion.

TL;DR: A recent report in Science 13 suggests that a critical neuropathological abnormality may be a loss of the neurons from the basal nucleus of Meynert, a subcortical nucleus which supplies the neocortex with cholinergic afferent processes as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: Although the sympathetic nerves appear to have little effect on resting cerebral blood flow, in acute hypertension they may extend the upper limit of the autoregulation response, and in chronic hypertension the sympathetic nerve may have a trophic influence and thereby offer protection against stroke.

TL;DR: It is suspected that the basic circuitry for floccu- lar control of reflexive eye movements is retained in primates, even if it is buried among other floccular functions which evolved in connection with the develop- ment of voluntary eye movements.

TL;DR: While appearing to acknowledge that trials to date had been disap pointing, the suggestion is made that therapy with acetylcholine precursors and cholinesterase inhibitors may be fruitful.

TL;DR: Three forms of the glycolytic enzyme enolase exist in brain representing three possible dimeric combinations of two distinct α and γ subunits, which should prove useful to a variety of disciplines in neurobiology and neuroendocrinology.

TL;DR: Evidence shows that the taxonomic distribution of electroreception is greater than was previously thought, and this knowledge permits new speculation about the evolution of this sense.

TL;DR: Experiments in which portions of cerebral cortex or cerebellum were ablated with cytotoxins suggest that the quantitative aspects of axonal arbors of aminergic projections are programmed early in development in a manner that is relatively independent of neurons in the terminal field.

TL;DR: Bombesin-like peptides and specific receptors have been characterized in the mammalian brain to regulate body temperature, gastrointestinal functions, blood glucose, pituitary ladrenal/gastric pancreatic hormone secretions as well as appetite and behavior.

TL;DR: A summary of capsaicin's effects with an emphasis on the key problems yet to be confronted is presented.

TL;DR: The analogy can be pursued to suggest that fast-transported materials are moved through the cell body and axon in the form of preassembled membrane and that a major function of these materials is to maintain functionally diverse regions of axon and synaptic terminal membrane.