Showing papers in "Trends in Neurosciences in 1983"

TL;DR: Evidence is reviewed indicating that striate cortex in the monkey is the source of two multisynaptic corticocortical pathways, one of which enables the visual identification of objects and the other allows instead the visual location of objects.

TL;DR: Physiological recordings suggest that there are at least two major functional streams in this hierarchy of visual areas in the cerebral cortex of the macaque monkey, one related to the analysis of motion and the other to theAnalysis of form and color.

TL;DR: The application of intracellular perfusion and patch clamp techniques to the somal membranes of excitable cells has recently allowed rapid advancement in understanding of the biophysical properties of the Ca 2+ channel, and detection of outward current through Ca + channels and instantaneous current measurements have provided information on the selectivity and current-voltage properties of open Ca 2- channels.

TL;DR: It is shown that some neurons contain more than one classical transmitter, e.g. 5-HT plus GABA, further underlining the view that transfer of information across synapses may be more compex than perhaps hitherto assumed.

TL;DR: The human hand and the brain are close partners in two important and closely interconnected functions, i.e. to explore the physical world and to reshape selected segments of it according to man's intentions.

TL;DR: As a model of epilepsy, kindling provides a source of clinical hypotheses, particularly with respect to the progression of epileptic symptomatology, the development of post-traumatic seizure disorders and the question of prophylactic anticonvulsant treatment for a limited time after head injury.

TL;DR: Neuropeptides and small peptide hormones are usually synthesized as part of large, inactive precursor proteins, but the sequences of many of these pro-molecules are now known and much remains to be learned about the post-translational processing events that must occur to generate the bioactive products.

TL;DR: This work has shown that a neurogenic system existed in skin-independent of the CNS-that controlled elements of defence such as inflammation and substantial support for this theory has emerged recently based on the function of substance P present in a group of small-diameter primary afferent fibers.

TL;DR: An overview of the present knowledge of processing, distribution and receptor selectivity in these three opioid peptide systems is provided.

TL;DR: Male pheromones have long been recognized for their influence on the reproductive physiology of female mice, ranging from advancement of puberty to induction of synchronized oestrus in grouped females and the olfactory block to pregnancy.

TL;DR: Recent advances in the concepts surrounding the distribution and possible functions of central vasopressin and oxytocin are summarized in this article.

TL;DR: There is strong evidence indicating that SP released from peripheral branches of visceral primary afferent neurons produces non-cholinergic slow excitatory postsynaptic potentials in the inferior mesenteric ganglion cells of the guinea-pig.

TL;DR: The masticatory system is one model where this clearly occurs as discussed by the authors, and motor control systems must solve the problem of integrating useful reflexes into the pattern of movement while suppressing potentially disruptive ones.

TL;DR: Observations suggest that the right hemisphere of the brain is specialized for the processes of directed attention, which explains why disturbances of directed Attention in the form of unilateral neglect emerge after lesions of several widely separated cerebral areas.

TL;DR: Patch-clamp experiments provide insights into the mechanisms of modulation at the level of single-channel molecules in nerve and muscle cells.

TL;DR: Schwann cells that envelop axons resemble epithelial cells in that they form a cellular boundary that has a foothold on basal lamina; this lamina separates the Schwann cell-axon units from the endoneurial extracellular matrix (ECM) components.

TL;DR: It is argued that nicotinic transmission provides a ‘fast-switching' mechanism for the faithful transfer of frequency-coded information through the synapse; whereas muscarinic transmission regulates neuronal discharge patterns over prolonged time-periods, by closing a specific subset of voltage-sensitive K + channels.

TL;DR: A Ca 2+ -dependent K + channel with an unusually large unitary conductance is studied, which makes it a promising subject for biophysical studies of permeation through ionic channels.

TL;DR: Two recently identified peptidases are likely to play such a role in enkephalinergic neurotransmission, and their inhibition constitutes an important experimental tool for analysing the physiological functions of the opioid pentapeptides.

TL;DR: Some of the recent findings on the morphological distribution and cellular effects of monoamines and peptides in neocortex are reviewed.

TL;DR: The relaxation response is believed to be the counterpart of the emergency response and is characterized by acute and chronic changes consistent with decreased sympathetic nervous system activity.

TL;DR: It is now apparent that the GABA receptor and ion channel complexes in the invertebrates differ from those in the vertebrates.

TL;DR: The authors showed that a peptide resembling luteinizing-hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) is a neurotransmitter and that it coexists with acetylcholine (ACh) in the same nerve terminals.

TL;DR: Results from studies in embryos suggest that axons are directed by extrinsic effects on the motile behavior of growth cones, and that the assembly and organization of cell components into the growing nerve fiber is promoted.

TL;DR: It is argued that motor control physiologists face a heuristic dilemma whose proportions are far beyond the theoretical problems of other areas of CNS function such as perception and mem ory, and one might conclude that the right SAs are not yet found.

TL;DR: In this review, some cases of postnatal neurogenesis and their functional consequences, including the alteration of pre-existing synaptic connections are described.

TL;DR: There is a transition towards a conceptual synthesis regarding the understanding of the role of vasopressin in behavior and work from other laboratories has suggested the antithesis; namely, that memory processes are unaffected by vasopresses.

TL;DR: It is found that the cholinergic preganglionic fibers of EW that innervate the ciliary ganglion contain both the neuropeptides substance P and enkephalin, which may provide insights into the pharmacological control of pupillocnstriction, accommodation and choroidal function.

TL;DR: The development of in-vitro techniques and the application of the voltage clamp have allowed the identification of voltage-dependent ionic currents in neurons of the mammalian CNS and several putative neurotransmitters affect the ionic current flowing through some of these newly described conductance channels thereby altering the input—output characteristics of mammalian central neurons.