Showing papers in "Trends in Neurosciences in 1985"

TL;DR: The brain has a high oxygen consumption and is rich in oxidizable substrates, mainly catecholamines and unsaturated lipids, and the possible use of anti-oxidants in treating degenerative diseases of the nervous system and the consequences of ischaemia is explained.

TL;DR: The relationship of opioid systems to opioid receptors, and the use of anatomical studies to derive new hypotheses of opioid function and provide dynamic measures of opioid neural activity are discussed, especially via specific mRNA quantitation.

TL;DR: The discovery of Drosophila mutants where I A is defective or absent provides the hope that this may soon be the first potassium channel amenable to structural analysis by molecular genetic techniques.

TL;DR: Evidence pertaining to a few of the critical questions about this phenomenon in vertebrate neurogenesis in vertebrates is considered.

TL;DR: Are the authors at the threshold of a breakthrough in the understanding of the neural regulation of cerebral circulation?

TL;DR: The most common forms of affective disorder are ‘major depression' and ‘bipolar disorder' (i.e. major depression plus mania occurring at some time in the person's life). There is now consistent evidence from epidemiological, family and clinical studies that the rates of major depression are about twofold higher among women than men, and the sex ratios of bipolar disorder are equal as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: This article deals with two of the most current technical problems which have caused confusion and inaccuracy, and developing an appropriate means for quantitation of autoradiograms, and dealing with varying regional tissue quenching of β-missions from tritium-labeled ligands.

TL;DR: A large part of current research is focused on the neuritogenic and neuronotrophic properties of gangliosides, as exemplified in their ability to induce differentiation in some primary neuronal cultures and neuroblastoma cell lines.

TL;DR: The loss of neurons may serve to regulate the number of neurons in a population, and/or the precision of the connections, in vertebrate neural development.

TL;DR: This work has shown that the application of conformational constraint to the design of peptide analogs which are resistant to metabolism while retaining high biological activity and the successful elimination of metabolism, transport and excretion are successful.

TL;DR: Recognition of the biological effects of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), a compound which is selectively toxic to the zona compacta of substantia nigra, has stimulated a renaissance of basic research in Parkinson's disease.

TL;DR: Receptor binding data using radiolabelled substance P, substance K and eledoisin demonstrate that each ligand binds to different sites in peripheral tissues and brain, and each site has a unique ligand selectivity pattern and brain distribution.

TL;DR: Three acidic amino acid receptor types have been defined (A1, A2 and A3 or, respectively, NMDA-, quisqualate- and kainate-preferring), and new data are emerging on their sub-synaptic and anatomical localizations and their involvement in defined synaptic responses.

TL;DR: Theory m psychopharmacology as mentioned in this paper is an excellent reference for postgraduate students and research workers in several domains of neuro-scence, including particularly psychology, pharmacology and psychiatry.

TL;DR: Antagonists of excitation due to acidic amino acids protect against anoxic/ischaemic damage in test systems in vitro and in vivo, suggesting a novel therapeutic or prophylactic approach to such conditions as stroke, perinatal asphyxia and the postoperative complications of cardiothoracic surgery.

TL;DR: Arguments are presented to, at least in part, account for the discrepancy observed in earliest studies on cholinergic 1 and opioid systems 2 and in those from other laboratories on neurotensin and substance-P systems in brain.

TL;DR: The role of satellite cells in the myelination process both in the PNS and CNS is studied and their role in the expression of voltage-gated channels is investigated.

TL;DR: Research on Parkinson's disease is discussed, which with its well-defined symptomatology and characteristic central dopaminergic lesions provides a unique system in which to investigate neuropeptide physiology.

TL;DR: The analysis of mutations in these genes has led to hypotheses about the commitment of the neurogenic ectoderm and of the neural progenitors in Drosophila.

TL;DR: The results suggest the differential expression of many different surface recognition molecules in the developing CNS (labelled pathways hypothesis), a notion reminiscent of Sperry's chemoaffinity hypothesis.

TL;DR: The role that electrical activity appears to play in the refinement of axonal connections in the developing vertebrate nervous system is discussed.

TL;DR: An important goal for future research will be to understand how these slow ‘modulatory’ effects observed at the cellular level are involved in the higher cognitive functions, such as memory, that have been strongly linked to cholinergic systems.

TL;DR: The timing of successive ERP components indicates that human selective attention has a hierarchical structure, with an early selection of input channel being a prerequisite for the stimulus analysis of detailed features.

TL;DR: Purified extracellular matrix proteins including collagens type I and IV, fibronectin and laminin have been reported by several laboratories to be active neurite promoters in vitro, although laminIn appears to be the most potent factor in these assays.

TL;DR: It is believed that the sympathetic supply is involved in the generation and maintenance of reflex sympathetic dystrophy, a syndrome characterized by pain, trophic changes of skin and subcutaneous tissues, and dysregulation of cutaneous blood flow and sweating.

TL;DR: The marine mollusc Aplysia is one of several experimental preparations that neuroscientists are using to help understand the mechanisms underlying learning and memory.

TL;DR: Findings in polygraphically defined sleep changes have emerged as perhaps the best documented biological marker associated with adult depression and their implications for the neurobiology of affective, illness are discussed.

TL;DR: Anatomical labelling and electrophysiological recording indicate that each cytochrome oxidase subdivision probably processes a different type of visual information and has a separate connectivity with prestriate cortex.

TL;DR: Development of new techniques for tracing neuronal pathways has revealed the existence of extensive communication between distant cortical modules within each cortical area and considerable convergence in the projection from one cortical area to another.

TL;DR: With neurons at various levels of the olfactory pathway tractable for physiological, morphological and biochemical analyses, crustaceans provide useful animal models with which to study olfaction.