Showing papers in "Trends in Neurosciences in 1987"

TL;DR: The second editon of Paxinos and Watson's rat stereotaxic atlas is, like the first, an indispensable commodity for neuroscientists utilizing rodent models for research as well as for students learning basic fundamentals of rat brain neuroanatomy.

TL;DR: A simple neuronal model capable of superimposing multiple memory traces within the same matrix of connections is outlined, and the correspondence between such models and the properties of LTE in the context of the hippocampal circuitry in which it occurs is considered.

TL;DR: The recent evidence that has revealed the pivotal role of NMDA receptors in the induction of LTP is described, and the possible mechanisms involved in the maintenance of the potentiated state are discussed.

TL;DR: Evidence is accumulating that the brain damage associated with anoxia, stroke, hypoglycemia, epilepsy, and perhaps neurodegenerative illnesses such as Huntington's disease may be at least partially produced by excessive activation of NMDA receptors.

TL;DR: Evidence obtained with presynaptic markers indicates that EAA are major transmitters of corticocortical, corticofugal, and sensory systems and this anatomical map appears to correspond to the distribution of the sum of the receptors.

TL;DR: The emergence of current ideas relating to receptor differentiation are summarized and some of the molecular features of agonists and antagonists that activate and block them are described.

TL;DR: It is shown that a membrane phosphoprotein initially studied independently by several laboratories and given different designations, is in fact the same protein, which may play a general role in the formation of synaptic relationships during development or regeneration, and a continuing role inThe functional modulation of certain synapses throughout life.

TL;DR: This issue focuses on the NMDA receptor and brings together a ‘snapshot' of the new information that has inspired so much recent excitement in this field.

TL;DR: The ability of the non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonists to penetrate the brain following systemic administration, and the use-dependency of their antagonism may confer distinct therapeutic advantages in the treatment of neurological disorders where an overstimulation of NMDA receptors is thought to occur.

TL;DR: Populations of visual neurones have been discovered in one area of the temporal association cortex that respond to different aspects of facial information and provide insight into the final stages of visual processing leading to recognition of an object as a face and more specifically the identity of the face.

TL;DR: G glycine potentiates the response to NMDA and some of the minor states resemble the major conductance states opened by non-NMDA agonists.

TL;DR: The potential of intracerebral grafts to induce or improve behavioral recovery in brain-damaged recipients rests on the multitude of trophic, neurohumoral and synaptic mechanisms that may allow the implanted tissue to promote host brain function and repair.

TL;DR: Evidence is presented that supports the hypothesis that glutamate dysfunction is involved in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease and can account for many of the neurochemical and behavioral deficits observed in this disease.

TL;DR: Complementary DNAs encoding the two subunit types of the brain GABA A receptor have been cloned, revealing its full protein primary structure and it is illuminating to compare these sequences and those of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor.

TL;DR: Ca 2+ -activated K + channels allow and modulate repetitive firing in some neurons and contribute to regulation of secretion in some endocrine and exocrine cells.

TL;DR: This article reviewed some attempts to develop a quantitative theory of motor coordination and found that complex, detailed and experimentally testable predictions can be derived from basic concepts, which simplifies matters.

TL;DR: Both biochemical and electrophysiological investigations using activators of this enzyme have indicated that protein kinase C regulates calcium, potassium and chloride channels, and that changes in its activity control the amount of neurotransmitter released by nerve cells.

TL;DR: If a naturally occurring excitotoxin is responsible for neuronal loss in HD, pharmacological blockade may prevent development of the disease in asymptomatic, at risk, patients.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors show that synaptic inputs mediated by a combination of non-NMDA and NMDA receptors could have diverse effects on the activity of neurons and neuronal circuits.

TL;DR: A better understanding of the mechanics of natural motor behavior is required in order to relate such principles to each other, to consider their implications for supraspinal motor planning, and to appreciate their functional roles for the organism.

TL;DR: Data on the neural mechanisms underlying these motor commands suggest that they may be be generated differently according to the particular function subserved within the motor system.

TL;DR: Investigation of spatial attention within the visual system provides a means to explore the neural systems involved in the control of attention.

TL;DR: The striking increase in the frequency of reports that demonstrate G protein-regulated ion channel function suggests that channels whose permeability mechanism can be altered by a Gprotein-mediated process may be more the rule than the exception.

TL;DR: It is concluded that the regulation of cell calcium is a highly complex task, and understanding the process will certainly yield new insights into the normal physiology and the pathology of nerve cells.

TL;DR: The drug 2-(4-phenylpiperidino) cyclohexanol (AH5183; vesamicol) has been shown to be a potent inhibitor of vesicular acetylcholine storage and represents the prototype of a new series of pharmacological agents used to investigate prejunctional cholinergic transmission.

TL;DR: MHC expression and modulation in neural tissue, and the implications for understanding and control of the immune response to neural antigens, are reviewed below.

TL;DR: 16 Dyck, P. J., Lais, A., Karnes, J.L., O'Brien,P.L. and Rizza, R.B. (1985) Proc.

TL;DR: Knowledge of limb dynamics and joint torques can provide unique predictions about neural mechanisms responsible for the control of limb motions, and feedback at spinal segments allows for neural adaptation of the on-going limb dynamics.

TL;DR: Converging lines of evidence indicate that the superior colliculus is an important part of the neural substrate for the generation oforienting responses, involved in both the localization of sensory stimuli and the initiation of orienting responses.