Showing papers in "Trends in Neurosciences in 1993"

TL;DR: The different channel types obtained by recombinant means and the genetic mechanisms controlling the expression of functionally important channel structures are described.

TL;DR: Recent work in the hippocampus indicates that NMDA receptor activation does not necessarily lead to induction of long-term potentiation but instead may elicit a repertoire of distinct forms of synaptic plasticity that confer increased flexibility to neural circuits involved in information processing and storage.

TL;DR: This review will provide evidence for this hypothesis based on the commonality of signal transduction mechanisms used in primitive organisms, early embryos and non-neuronal cells, and relate these relationships to the functions of neurotransmitters in the developing nervous system.

TL;DR: These conditions suggest a rule (called here the ABS rule) for activity-dependent synaptic modifications that differs from the classical Hebb rule and that can account for both homosynaptic LTD and LTP as well as for heterOSynaptic competition and associativity.

TL;DR: Point mutations in the cytosolic Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD-1) gene have been detected in association with familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, consistent with the hypothesis that free radicals contribute to the pathogenesis of FALS and possibly to the Pathogenesis of other neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease.

TL;DR: A neuromeric model of the forebrain is described that is consistent with the expression patterns of these genes, and that provides a framework for understanding the morphological relationships within this complex structure.

TL;DR: It is proposed that this functional expansion of the human cerebellum is a consequence of specific cerebellar structural changes that evolved during hominid evolution and that could have been a prerequisite for the evolution of human language.

TL;DR: The intention here is to evaluate the evidence for NO production from non-neuronal CNS sources and thus prompt discussion about potential 'nitrinergic' roles for glial cells.

TL;DR: Current evidence suggests that protein kinases or protein phosphatases with a specificity for serine/threonine-proline residues are involved in the abnormal phosphorylation of tau.

TL;DR: There is compelling evidence linking bradykinin with the pathophysiological processes that accompany tissue damage and inflammation, especially the production of pain and hyperalgesia, and antagonists of the BK B2 receptor are efficacious analgesic and anti-inflammatory agents in acute inflammatory pain.

TL;DR: If a similar mechanism occurs in neurodegenerative diseases in humans it may be possible to use either excitatory amino acid antagonists or agents to improve neuronal bioenergetics as therapeutic treatments for these disorders.

TL;DR: Despite apparent changes in NGF's mode of action as the animal matures, it always interacts specifically with nociceptive sensory neurons and here it may serve as a link between inflammation and hyperalgesia.

TL;DR: This review is intended to provide an overview of the molecular and functional implications of gap-junction-mediated intercellular communication in the nervous system.

TL;DR: Secreted forms of β-amyloid precursor protein are released in response to electrical activity and can modulate neuronal responses to glutamate, suggesting roles in developmental and synaptic plasticity.

TL;DR: The availability of the cloned receptors will now allow for detailed structure-function analysis of SRIF receptors and will facilitate development of subtype-selective agonists and antagonists that could be useful in the treatment of central nervous system and endocrine disorders.

TL;DR: Evidence that nitric oxide participates in the maintenance of resting cerebral blood flow and in the cerebrovasodilatation elicited by increased neural activity is critically reviewed and discussed in the context of general principles of cerebrovascular regulation.

TL;DR: The finding that beta-amyloid peptide is a normal, soluble product of cellular metabolism has led to many dynamic studies of its formation and clearance in health and in genetic forms of Alzheimer's disease, and should facilitate the design of amyloid-inhibiting therapeutics.

TL;DR: Data support the hypothesis that the primary functions of the 5-HT system in the brain are to facilitate motor output and concurrently inhibit sensory information processing, applicable phylogenetically, from invertebrates to mammals.

TL;DR: The cerebellum acquires 'dynamics' or 'in- verse dynamics' of a control object through repeated exercise, and using 'dynamic memory' it automates quick, precise and smooth control of a learned movement, including that of mental functions, such as thought.

TL;DR: In biologically realistic models of this region, the selective suppression of synaptic transmission prevents recall of previously learned memories from interfering with the learning of new memories, while the decrease in adaptation enhances the response to afferent input and the modification of synapses.

TL;DR: It appears that the microenvironment of the central nervous system has evolved mechanisms to protect it from the potentially damaging consequences of some aspects of the acute inflammatory response.

TL;DR: The cloning of delta, kappa and mu opioid receptors will facilitate the development of new clinically useful compounds as well as studies of the molecular basis of tolerance and drug addiction.

TL;DR: A number of recent studies now indicate that the amygdala is involved in a specific class of stimulus-reward associations and this discovery has made it possible to gain a much more detailed appreciation of the contribution of the amygdala to emotion in non-human primates.

TL;DR: In vitro and in vivo evidence supporting the existence of a carrier-mediated release for different classes of transmitters is reviewed.

TL;DR: The dynamic clamp is a novel method that uses computer simulation to introduce conductances into biological neurons, and will be useful in many applications where the role of synaptic strengths and intrinsic properties in neuronal and network dynamics is of interest.

TL;DR: Recent studies in the hippocampus provide new insights into the mechanisms by which the activation of these receptors leads to presynaptic inhibition of transmitter release, and characterize the second messengers involved in couplingpresynaptic receptors to their effectors.

TL;DR: This review focuses on the potential for clinically tolerated NMDA receptor antagonists, with emphasis on agents that have been in clinical use for other conditions and that recently have been shown to inhibitNMDA receptor activity by a mechanism of open-channel block or redox modification.

TL;DR: Some of the properties of synaptic transmission in the EC are summarized and how frequency-dependent changes in transmission may be involved in the pre- and post-processing of hippocampal information by the EC is speculated on.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined physiological and anatomical results that are relevant to understanding the mechanisms of synaptic transmission and plasticity at CA1 pyramidal cells and suggested that one component of synaptic plasticity is mediated by changes in the number of functional synaptic sites.

TL;DR: The trp gene product may define a novel family of second-messenger-operated Ca2+ channels generally responsible for the widespread but poorly understood phenomenon of phosphoinositide-mediated Ca2+, as well as being a major charge carrier for the light-induced current.