Showing papers in "Trends in Neurosciences in 1998"

TL;DR: It is proposed here that an observation/execution matching system provides a necessary bridge from'doing' to'communicating', as the link between actor and observer becomes a link between the sender and the receiver of each message.

TL;DR: Human-subject studies confirm the prediction of animal work that the amygdala is involved with the formation of enhanced declarative memory for emotionally arousing events and suggest that the amygdaloid complex serves to influence memory-storage processes in other brain regions.

TL;DR: 'Amygdala' and 'amygdalar complex' are terms that now refer to a highly differentiated region near the temporal pole of the mammalian cerebral hemisphere, and cell groups within it appear to be differentiated parts of the traditional cortex, the claustrum, or the striatum.

TL;DR: Data support the feasibility of extrasynaptic or volume transmission in the extracellular space by measuring the volume fraction and tortuosity, a measure of hindrance of cellular obstructions.

TL;DR: The number domain is a prime example where strong evidence points to an evolutionary endowment of abstract domain-specific knowledge in the brain because there are parallels between number processing in animals and humans.

TL;DR: Although the normal function of synucleins is unknown, a role in membrane plasticity seems likely and increased expression of gamma-synuclein correlates with disease progression.

TL;DR: Experimental studies have provided a system for the assembly of full-length tau into Alzheimer-like filaments, providing an assay for the testing of compounds that inhabit the formation of tau filaments.

TL;DR: Research carried out in the past six years has confirmed a similarity between the endocannabinoids and the psychoactive substance in marijuana, delta9(-)-tetrahydrocannabinol, and suggested a role for endoc cannabinoidoids in the modulation of neurotransmitter action and release.

TL;DR: Both the identity of the MMP and its cellular origin could determine whether disease pathogenesis or regeneration occurs, and thus synthetic MMP inhibitors might be valuable for treating some CNS diseases.

TL;DR: It is concluded that the normal dopaminergic system supports segregation of the functional subcircuits of the basal ganglia, and that a breakdown of this independent processing is a hallmark of Parkinson's disease.

TL;DR: The synaptic tag hypothesis is outlined, predictions it makes are compared with those of other theories about the persistence of LTP, and predictions about the cellular identity of the tag are compared.

TL;DR: Vertebrate cerebella occupy a position in the rostral roof of the 4th ventricle and share a common pattern in the structure of their cortex as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: It is argued that this structure is involved most critically in learning and memory tasks in which discontiguous items must be associated, in terms of their temporal or spatial positioning, or both.

TL;DR: The molecular underpinnings of cerebellar development are being established through the identification of naturally occurring mutated genes and the knockout of other genes, and the process of development will ultimately be understood in terms of cellular interactions and the roles that each cell type plays in the assembly of Cerebellar structure.

TL;DR: This review traces the history of this enigmatic structure from its conception to the present time, brings to light the keen observational powers of morphologists at the turn of the century and reveals how their sagacious forethought anticipated current thinking on the role of perineuronal nets.

TL;DR: In this paper, the existence of a well-defined vestibular cortical system in humans has been verified from single-unit recordings and tracer studies in three different primate species.

TL;DR: A new theory of neocortical cytoarchitectonics and nomenclature is proposed to explain the basic structural and functional organization of the mammalian neocortex, the morphology of itsPyramidal cells, and the addition of new pyramidal cell strata that characterize its phylogenetic evolution.

TL;DR: A synaptic model is proposed that provides a conceptual scaffold to structure the understanding of the manifold actions of stress on the hippocampus and suggests that stress-induced metaplasticity could disrupt Ca2+ homeostasis and thus endanger hippocampal neurons.

TL;DR: It is proposed that the microcircuitry of the inferior olive is capable of functioning both in motor learning and motor timing, but does not directly compare intended with achieved movements.

TL;DR: This review focuses on the regulation of KATP channel activity by nucleotides and cell metabolism and considers which regulatory mechanisms are intrinsic to Kir6.2 and which are conferred by association with SUR.

TL;DR: Inclusions containing ubiquitinated proteins are commonly detected in many neurological disorders, and prevention of protein aggregation in these diseases might offer new therapeutic leads.

TL;DR: Effectes vary depending on subunit isoforms, suggesting that functional diversity of native channels reflects heterogeneity of combinations, and advances have been made in understanding of the molecular basis of functional effects of the auxiliary subunits.

TL;DR: This work considers the known details of these connections and shows that the reticular nucleus serves as a nexus, where several functionally related cortical areas and thalamic nuclei can interact, modifying thalamocortical transmission through the inhibitory connections that go from the reticles to the cortex.

TL;DR: The modification of processes such as outgrowth of neurites and long-term potentiation of synaptic transmission by agents that suppress or promote MLP suggests roles for subtoxic levels of MLP in neuronal plasticity.

TL;DR: It is argued that knowledge of spatiotemporal activity patterns in distinct classes of interneurone is essential to understanding the cellular mechanisms underlying learning and memory.

TL;DR: If excitatory synapses are sufficiently close for cross-talk to occur under physiological conditions, it could have profound implications for the specificity of synaptic communication in the brain.

TL;DR: It is argued that identifying more homogeneous forms of diseases through a candidate symptom approach among affected subjects and an endophenotype approach that identifies sub-clinical traits among non-affected relatives might yield better results.

TL;DR: The ever-unfolding biology of NGF is consistent with a target-derived retrograde mode of action in peripheral and central neurons, but another member of the neurotrophin family, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), is present within nerve terminals in certain regions of the brain and PNS that do not contain the corresponding mRNA.

TL;DR: The OFQ/N1-17 receptor is expressed widely in the nervous system, and it is becoming clear that the peptide is likely to participate in a broad range of physiological and behavioral functions.