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Showing papers in "Trends in Neurosciences in 2002"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: High-density oligonucleotide microarray analysis has demonstrated that, in addition to increasing levels of BDNF, exercise mobilizes gene expression profiles that would be predicted to benefit brain plasticity processes, suggesting that exercise could provide a simple means to maintain brain function and promote brain Plasticity.

2,485 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The cellular and molecular components of this previously unsuspected system are being progressively identified and are opening new avenues for understanding brain disorders, including depression.

941 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The likelihood that sustained activation of descending modulatory pathways that facilitate pain transmission could underlie some states of chronic pain is examined.

935 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A firm understanding of the BOLD response will require investigation to be focussed on the neural signalling mechanisms controlling blood flow rather than on the locus of energy use.

914 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Recent data on the molecular mechanisms that underlie the modulation of AMPA receptors and the role ofAMPA-receptor regulation in mediating synaptic plasticity are reviewed.

765 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: These recent findings provide further support for the view that the basal ganglia use both the pattern and the rate of neuronal activity to encode information.

633 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A model of the human planum temporale is proposed as a computational engine for the segregation and matching of spectrotemporal patterns, based on segregating the components of the acoustic world and matching these components with learned spect rotemporal representations.

615 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Investigation of the involvement of BLA projections to other brain regions is essential for understanding influences of the amygdala on different aspects and forms of memory.

529 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The finding of tau mutations in other dementias has added weight to the hypothesis as it suggests that tau-pathology is a downstream but essential part of the dementing process, however, some observations remain difficult to reconcile with the hypothesis.

509 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In MS, damage of axons is closely linked to the CD8(+) CTLs, and protection against CTL-mediated damage should be considered as a new therapeutic approach in MS and other neuroinflammatory diseases.

462 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is hypothesized that during locomotion, corticospinal excitation of upper limb motoneurons is mediated indirectly, via propriospinal neurons in the cervical spinal cord, which allows a task-dependent neuronal linkage of cervical and thoraco-lumbar propriospINAL circuits controlling leg and arm movements during human locomotor activities.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In the C57BL/Wld(S) mouse, a dominant mutation dramatically delays Wallerian degeneration in injury and disease, possibly by influencing multi-ubiquitination.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A picture is unfolding showing how mutations that alter Rho signaling result in abnormal neuronal connectivity and deficient cognitive functioning in humans, and these findings illuminate the cellular mechanisms underlying normal cognitive function.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Evidence that stressful stimuli have a significant impact on neonatal (rat) and prenatal (human) hippocampal function and integrity is discussed and CRH-mediated processes could be targets of preventive and interventional strategies.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In neurons, lipid rafts act as platforms for the signal transduction initiated by several classes of neurotrophic factors, including neurotrophins and glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF)-family ligands.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is shown that a relatively direct correlation seems to be favoured between fMRI signals and population synaptic activity (including inhibitory and excitatory activity), with a secondary and potentially more variable correlation with cellular action potentials.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: From being regarded mainly as support cells, radial glia have emerged as multi-purpose cells involved in most aspects of brain development and as key elements in patterning and region-specific differentiation of the CNS.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A surprising new dimension to NO signaling is the direct cGMP-independent action of NO on channel proteins through S-nitrosylation, which expands the possibilities for modulating neuronal excitability.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Retinal cell diversification is apparently not achieved by spatial prepatterning into distinct progenitor domains, but rather by the sequential production of cell types in a defined histogenetic order.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: By influencing the synaptic output during repetitive activity, vesicle pool dynamics are expected to modulate information processing in neuronal networks of the CNS.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The basis for these molecular cysteine switches is reviewed, drawing on the NMDA receptor as an exemplary protein, and a molecular model for the action of S-nitrosylation based on recently derived crystal structures is proposed.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A new study focusing on glutamate-mediated transmission in the cerebellum describes the specific role of neuronal transporters in modulating the access of glutamate to extrasynaptic metabotropic glutamate receptors, and reveals important consequences of Extrasynaptic signaling on synaptic plasticity.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is argued here that studies of the computational functions within the relatively undifferentiated prefrontal cortex of rats can shed light on processing in primate prefrontal cortex.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Different forms of plasticity at GABAergic, and the closely related glycinergic, synapses have been reported in several regions of the brain and their possible roles in developing and adult neuronal networks are reviewed.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Evidence that NMDA receptors undergo dynamically regulated targeting and trafficking, and that the physical transport ofNMDA receptors in and out of the synaptic membrane contributes to several forms of long-lasting synaptic plasticity are reviewed.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Evidence is reviewed that the ability of drugs of abuse to elevate levels of the GluR1 subunit of AMPA glutamate receptors in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) of the midbrain is crucial for the development of sensitization.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This work presents some simple breeding strategies to test for flanking gene effects that are compatible with the recommendations of the Banbury Conference on Genetic Background in Mice and with common practices of creating and maintaining mouse knockout lines.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In experimental meningitis, dexamethasone as an adjunct to antibiotic treatment leads to an aggravation of neuronal damage in the hippocampal formation, suggesting that corticosteroids might not be the ideal adjunctive therapy.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A more precise understanding of the molecular mechanisms that underlie the different responses to SHH signalling is the next step in the study of this molecule and its role in the regulation of neural development.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Downregulation of Na(v)1.9, which results from a lack of peripheral glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor following peripheral axotomy, might retune DRG neurons and contribute to their hyperexcitability after nerve injury, appears to play a key role in nociception and is an attractive target in the search for more effective treatments for pain.