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Showing papers in "Trends in Neurosciences in 2005"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Emerging evidence suggests that strategies that exploit regional differences in upstream factors or that target specific CREB-regulated genes, rather than CREB itself, could make a promising contribution to the treatment of neuropsychiatric conditions.

1,238 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The neurovascular hypothesis of AD is proposed, suggesting that faulty clearance of amyloid beta peptide across the blood-brain barrier, aberrant angiogenesis and senescence of the cerebrovascular system could initiate Neurovascular uncoupling, vessel regression, brain hypoperfusion and neurov vascular inflammation.

889 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is important to establish how these molecules are activated in spinal microglia following nerve injury and how they cause signaling to neurons in the dorsal horn pain transmission network to lead to new strategies that assist in the diagnosis and management of neuropathic pain.

748 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A new, simplified and overarching theory of noradrenaline function is inspired by an invertebrate model: neuromodulators in crustacea abruptly interrupt activity in neural networks and reorganize the elements into new functional networks determining the behavioral output.

689 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The nature of this environmental programming--the mechanism by which it occurs in rats, its long-term implications, and opportunities for its reversal in rodents and ultimately in humans are discussed.

585 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A working model is concluded that could explain the apparent controversy of memory vulnerability after reactivation and indicates brain areas involved in consolidation after initial training are not required for reconsolidation.

558 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is argued that the striatum has a prominent role in selecting which motor program should be called into action and can be relieved from pallidal inhibition through activation of striatal neurons at the input stage of the basal ganglia.

554 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Evidence of rapid first-spike times in the human somatosensory system is uncovered and their potential generalization to other sensory modalities is discussed.

524 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This multistage processor provides the animal with flexibility so that environmental cues, such as food availability, ambient temperature and social interactions, can be integrated with the clock signal to sculpt an adaptive pattern of rhythmic daily activities that maximize the chances of survival and reproduction.

509 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The role of GABA-mediated transmission in regulating functional states of cognition, sleep-wake cycle, and several neurological and psychiatric disorders is addressed here.

466 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The conclusion that the SCN is a heterogeneous network of functionally and phenotypically differentiated cells is highlighted, which indicates that the coordinated interaction of these functionally distinct cells is integral to the coherent functioning of the brain clock.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Transcription factors of the Sox family provide important clues about the control of the intrinsic factors that regulate stem-cell maintenance, decide whether neurons or glia are generated, or control terminal differentiation during nervous system development.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is argued that LTP can underlie the learning of such memory sequences, provided the input to the hippocampus is from a cortical multi-item working memory buffer in which theta and gamma oscillations have an important role.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: During brain development, transmitter-gated receptors are operative before synapse formation, suggesting that their action is not restricted to synaptic transmission and implies that by altering these effects, drugs acting on the GABA system could be pathogenic during pregnancy.

Journal ArticleDOI
Mircea Steriade1
TL;DR: The role of thalamic reticular neurons in the initiation of spindles, a hallmark oscillation during early sleep stages, and the reticular-induced inhibition of thalamocortical neurons during cortically generated spike-wave seizures are focused on.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This review focuses on recent neuroimaging data concerning spatial aspects of multisensory integration in the human brain, and indicates not only that multisENSory integration involves anatomical convergence from sensory-specific cortices into mult isensory ('heteromodal') brain areas, but also that multi-sensory spatial interactions can affect even so-called 'unimodal' brain regions.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is proposed that a phylogenetically older, closed-loop series of subcortical connections exists between the basal ganglia and brainstem sensorimotor structures, a good example of which is the midbrain superior colliculus.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An emerging concept is that activity-dependent alterations in NMDA receptor trafficking contribute to homeostatic plasticity at central glutamatergic synapses.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Recent studies that implicate EphB and NMDA receptors in the regulation of actin-binding proteins through modulation of Rho family small GTPases are discussed.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The complexities of consolidation and reconsolidation are discussed, and it is suggested they should be viewed not as all-or-none phenomena, but as a continuing series of biological adjustments that enhance both the efficiency and the utility of stored memories over time and in response to changing needs of the organism.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Nicotinic ACh receptors can undergo desensitization, a reversible reduction in response during sustained agonist application, indicating that it might be important to control synaptic efficacy, responses to cholinergic agents, and certain nAChR-related disease states.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Seizures are not generated in a normal circuit in which GABA-mediated inhibition is simply impaired, but in a profoundly rewired network in which several properties of GABA function are altered.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Recent evidence for graded signaling in sensory neurons with short conduction distances is reviewed, with a focus on Vesicles tethered to the ribbon.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: New data suggest that glia also release neuroexcitatory substances in response to morphine, thereby opposing its effects and controlling glial activation could increase the clinical utility of analgesic drugs.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The duration of synaptic change does not necessarily define the persistence of a memory and it is likely that a regulated balance of synaptic stability and synaptic plasticity is required for optimal memory retention in real neuronal circuits.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Variation in receptor numbers at postsynaptic sites is likely to depend on regulation of diffusion by modification of the structure of the membrane and/or by transient interactions with scaffolding proteins.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This review highlights advances in the understanding of the mechanisms of Ca 2+ -responsive activation and synaptic signaling to the nucleus by NF-κB transcription factors within the CNS, and the relevance of this transcription factor family for learning and memory.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This work argues for a re-assessment of the much-debated dorsal auditory pathway in terms of its generic behavioral role as an auditory "do" pathway and proposes that the posteromedial STP generates sequenced auditory representations by matching incoming auditory information with stored templates.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The problems raised by the NIH-sponsored trials are discussed and several shortcomings that might explain the overall poor outcome are pointed to.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor secreted from active synapses and neurons recruits TrkB from extrasynaptic sites into lipid rafts, microdomains of membrane that are enriched at synapses that could collectively underlie synapse-specific regulation by BDNF.