Showing papers in "Trends in Neurosciences in 2021"

TL;DR: Interoception refers to the representation of the internal states of an organism, and includes the processes by which it senses, interprets, integrates, and regulates signals from within itself as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors consider the extensive role of rostral neural systems, including cortical systems, in the recognition of internal body states, and the reciprocal role of efferent/descending systems in the regulation of those states, together these reciprocal interacting networks entail interoceptive circuits that play an important role in a broad range of functions beyond the homeostatic maintenance of physiological steady states.

TL;DR: Whether mitochondrial calcium transporters should be proposed as therapeutic candidates for the development of neuroprotective drugs against AD is discussed, and special emphasis on mitochondrial calcium is focused on.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors focus on several exemplar functions of interoception, including energy regulation (ingestion and excretion), memory, affective and emotional experience, and psychological sense of self.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors define a new concept of active milieu that unifies all components of the nervous tissue (neuronal and glial compartments, extracellular space, extracellular matrix, and vasculature) into a dynamic information processing system.

TL;DR: This work discusses how electrical activity controls the early maturation and wiring of prefrontal areas, as well as the emergence and refinement of input-output circuitry involved in cognitive processing, and highlights the mechanisms of developmental dysfunction and their relevance for psychiatric disorders.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors summarize how the BBB integrity adjusts in critical stages along the life span, as well as how BBB permeability can be altered by common stressors derived from nutritional habits, environmental factors and psychological stress.

TL;DR: An overview of disorders of interoception is provided and future directions for better understanding, diagnosis, and management of these disorders are suggested.

TL;DR: Whereas it generally mediates immune surveillance and is often neuroprotective, excessive engagement of the system can be deleterious, and this is relevant in aging and age-related neurological diseases, where neuroinflammation contributes to disease progression.

TL;DR: A review of recent frameworks that extend classical homeostatic control via reflex arcs to include more flexible forms of adaptive behavior that take interoceptive context, experiences, and expectations into account can be found in this paper.

TL;DR: The path from gene discovery to therapy in spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) has been a highly challenging endeavor, but also led to one of the most successful stories in neurogenetics as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: In this article, the role of cellular senescence as a driver of the aging phenotype was highlighted, and the current evidence that connects senescent cells with AD and neurodegeneration was discussed.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe the cellular diversity of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), the impact of long-range afferents, and the specificity of local microcircuits.

TL;DR: This review focuses on what endothelial dysfunction is, what causes it, how it leads to surrounding brain pathology, how researchers can investigate it with current models, and where this might lead in the future for dementia therapies.

TL;DR: A review of the existing evidence for the involvement of the hippocampus in ASD and highlighting the hippocampus as a promising area of interest for future research in ASD can be found in this article.

TL;DR: Recently, there has been a revival of the topic, driven in part by new studies directly investigating the possible causal relationship between alpha activity and responses to visual input, both neuronally and perceptually as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors developed a conceptual framework that suggests the actions of ketamine and serotonergic psychedelics may converge at the dendrites, to both enhance and suppress membrane excitability.

TL;DR: An overview of past and recent studies revealing that the TS displays a heterogeneous cell-type-specific organization, and a unique input-output connectivity, which poises the TS as an integrator of sensory processing is provided.

TL;DR: The neuron-specific chloride-extruder that sets the strength and polarity of GABAergic currents during neuronal maturation is a multifunctional molecule that can regulate cytoskeletal dynamics via its C-terminal domain (CTD) as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: Drosophila mechanosensory neurons were put forward as cellular paradigms for mechanotransduction and mechanogated ion channel function in the context of proprio- and nociception as well as the detection of substrate vibrations, touch, gravity, and sound.

TL;DR: In this article, the contribution of non-cell-autonomous processes to the pathogenesis of ALS was examined, with a focus on glial cells and in particular on astrocytes.

TL;DR: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-delimited particles that are secreted by nearly all cell types and mediate crucial physiological functions and pathophysiological processes in the spinal cord injury as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: In this paper, a review explores reactive microglial dysregulation of neural circuit structure and function following cancer therapy and suggests that this impairment in plasticity is central to cancer therapy-related cognitive impairment.

TL;DR: For example, the authors showed that repeated drug use can change dopamine function in ways that promote the development and persistence of addiction, but in what direction, and in what way, and why continued drug use is motivated by sensitization of drug 'wanting'.

TL;DR: This review focuses on recent findings on extracellular vesicle-mediated bilateral crosstalk, between glioblastoma cells and astrocytes, highlighting the protumor and antitumor roles of astroCytes in gliOBlastoma development.

TL;DR: Recent findings on novel GABAAR transmembrane regulators are summarized and a potential avenue to develop new GABAAR psychopharmacology by targeting these receptor-associated membrane proteins is highlighted.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss how these three neuromodulatory systems interact at the cellular and circuit levels, and the potential relevance of these essential systems for motivated behavior, including reward processing, reinforcement learning and behavioral flexibility.

TL;DR: A review of the evidence provided by these approaches in brain-mapping studies, as well as the perspectives they open for addressing the behavioral relevance of the interacting organizational axes in healthy and clinical populations, can be found in this paper.

TL;DR: Recently, the authors showed that calcium-dependent vesicle docking occurs in a wide range of time domains and plays a crucial role in several phenomena including synaptic facilitation, post-tetanic potentiation, and neuromodulator-induced potentiation.

TL;DR: The choroid plexus (ChP) is a hotbed of immune cell activity and can provide circulating peripheral immune cells with passage into the central nervous system (CNS) as discussed by the authors.