Showing papers in "Trends in Plant Science in 2006"

TL;DR: Tolerance to a combination of different stress conditions, particularly those that mimic the field environment, should be the focus of future research programs aimed at developing transgenic crops and plants with enhanced tolerance to naturally occurring environmental conditions.

TL;DR: Genetically manipulating the Si uptake capacity of the root might help plants to accumulate more Si and, hence, improve their ability to overcome biotic and abiotic stresses.

TL;DR: An update on the effects of mineral deficiencies on the expression of genes involved in primary metabolism in the shoot, the evidence for increased carbohydrate concentrations and altered biomass allocation between shoot and root, and the consequences of these changes on the growth and morphology of the plant root system are presented.

TL;DR: Recent progress in glucosinolate research is highlighted, with particular emphasis on the biosynthetic pathway and its metabolic relationships to auxin homeostasis and emerging insight into the signaling networks and regulatory proteins that control glucosInolate accumulation during plant development and in response to environmental challenge.

TL;DR: Targeted mutagenesis studies are unraveling the roles played in the infection process by a variety of B. cinerea genes that are required for penetration, host cell killing, plant tissue decomposition or signaling.

TL;DR: In plants, the production of hydrogen peroxide deriving from polyamine oxidation has been correlated with cell wall maturation and lignification during development as well as with wound-healing and cell wall reinforcement during pathogen invasion.

TL;DR: It has become clear that ethylene differentially affects resistance against pathogens with different lifestyles and plays an important role in mediating different types of induced resistance.

TL;DR: Harnessing the full potential of genomics-assisted breeding will require a multidisciplinary approach and an integrated knowledge of the molecular and physiological processes influencing tolerance to drought.

TL;DR: This review summarizes recent advances in the understanding of phylogenetics, polyploidization and comparative genomics in the family Brassicaceae and integrates several of these findings into a simple system of 24 conserved chromosomal blocks (labeled A-X).

TL;DR: Current genome-wide research has shown that the nitrate-specific signal regulates a wide variety of metabolic processes including nitrogen and carbon metabolism, and cytokinin biosynthesis, and Cytokinin-mediated signaling.

TL;DR: The Arabidopsis MAPK nomenclature appears sufficiently robust to allow it to be usefully extended to other well-characterized plant systems, and analysis of gene expression data for MPK and MKK genes in all three species allows further refinement of those families, based on functionality.

TL;DR: This work proposes a hypothesis that integrates growth inhibition and growth stimulation into one biphasic ethylene response model, and highlights several mechanisms through which ethylene affects plant growth, thereby interacting with various other signal transduction routes.

TL;DR: Recessive resistance genes against plant viruses have been recognized for a long time but their molecular nature has only recently been linked to components of the eukaryotic translation initiation complex, and particularly the eif4E and eIF4G protein families were found to be essential determinants in the outcome of RNA virus infections.

TL;DR: Current perspectives on how, when and where the floral signal is generated are introduced.

TL;DR: The contribution of metabolite profiling to functional annotation of genes and in the comprehensive understanding of the cellular response to biological conditions are assessed.

TL;DR: Modelling approaches for complex traits at gene network, organ and whole plant levels provide a means to link phenotypic consequence to changes in genomic regions via stable associations with model coefficients.

TL;DR: Although histones and their modifications are highly conserved, recent data show that chromosomal distribution of individual modifications (acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation) can differ along the cell cycle as well as among and between groups of eukaryotes.

TL;DR: Although the AtNOS1 sequence has no similarities to any mammalian NOS isoform, the cloned and purified AtNos1 protein was demonstrated to use the substrates arginine and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate to produce NO.

TL;DR: It is suggested that the duplication of a gene controlling anthocyanin production and subsequent divergence might be the major force driving trichome formation in Arabidopsis, whereas the multicellular trichomes of Antirrhinum and Solanaceous species appear to have a different regulatory origin.

TL;DR: Findings indicate that PTGS, RNAi and heterochromatin formation not only function as host defence mechanisms against invading nucleic acids but are also involved in natural gene regulation.

TL;DR: Thioredoxins appear to play a fundamental role in plant tolerance of oxidative stress by supplying reducing power to reductases detoxifying lipid hydroperoxides or repairing oxidized proteins.

TL;DR: There is evidence indicating a central role for members of the HKT gene family of Na+ and Na+/K+ transporters in controlling Na+ accumulation in the shoot and, thus, in determining salinity tolerance in Arabidopsis and rice.

TL;DR: How plant neurobiology is being directed toward discovering the mechanisms of signaling in whole plants, as well as among plants and their neighbors is reviewed.

TL;DR: The purpose of this review is to discuss the experimental results obtained to date using proteomics, as well as some of the new questions challenging future research.

TL;DR: The question is posed: how can the literature provide appropriate general conclusions if the model systems upon which the literature is based are unrepresentative of the relevant biological diversity?

TL;DR: This review focuses on the science that underpins second- and third-generation insect-resistant transgenic plants and examines the appropriateness and relevance of models that are currently being used to determine deployment strategies to maximize sustainability and durability.

TL;DR: Now that a few plant QTLs have been cloned or accurately tagged, it appears that they might be accurate to within 2cM or less, meaning that there will be circumstances when map-based cloning using only original mapping data would be a realistic option that avoids time-consuming and expensive fine mapping.

TL;DR: The discovery of plant inhibitors of pectin degrading enzymes and the recent resolution of their three-dimensional structures provide new lines of evidence regarding their function and evolution in plant-pathogen interactions.

TL;DR: Metal defense against biotic stress reflects a continuous cross talk during the coevolution of plants, pathogens and herbivores competing in an environment where efficient metal ion acquisition and ion homeostasis are essential for survival.

TL;DR: The emerging role of ABA in lateral root development fits well with its general functional properties as a stress hormone, including its role in dormancy.