Showing papers in "Tuberculosis in 2013"

TL;DR: The portability and fast time-to-result of the DiagNose enables a proactive screening search for new TB cases in rural areas, without the need for highly-skilled operators or a hospital center infrastructure.

TL;DR: Current findings suggest underperforming innate immunity followed by a hyper-reactive cellular response to Mtb, but the contribution of these altered responses to TB susceptibility or to the more adverse clinical outcomes of TB patients with DM remains unclear.

TL;DR: Key recommendations are made regarding follow-up of the hydrophobic leads recently discovered using phenotypic screening and target elucidation by genome sequencing, and consideration is given to the properties of small molecule screening libraries.

TL;DR: An altered route of entry of the pathogen in DM patients that may influence the downstream activation of signaling pathways in the monocyte and the survival of mycobacteria is suggested.

TL;DR: A comprehensive discussion of the roles these immunodominant antigens play in M. tuberculosis pathogenesis is provided and diagnostic methods based on the detection of these proteins with more established tests for TB are compared.

TL;DR: The complex structure and characteristics of mycobacterial promoters, in comparison to the classical E. coli prokaryotic promoter structure, are described to provide an overview of the complex architecture of myCobacterial transcriptional regulation.

TL;DR: There is strong evidence that sex-based differences in TB prevalence represent real epidemiological differences and have implications for models of TB dynamics in countries with skewed population sex ratios such as China and India, and should be incorporated into models for TB control and forecasting.

TL;DR: A metabolomics research approach was used to identify new tuberculosis (TB) markers from sputum, in an attempt to better characterise the disease as well as the metabolic response of the host to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that miR-142-3p was a potential to negatively regulate the production of pro-inflammatory mediators NF-κB, TNF-α and IL-6 in the macrophages in part through a mechanism of targeting IRAK-1 gene and post-transcriptionally down-regulating IRAk-1 protein expression.

TL;DR: Nine miRNA genes were differentially expressed between THP-1cells infected with M. tuberculosis H37Rv and H37Ra strains, and additional characterization of these genes is likely to provide insights into their role in the pathogenesis of tuberculosis.

TL;DR: REDCA showed to be a simple assay for detecting synergism between drugs in M. tuberculosis and it can be a new option in future investigations of drugs interactions against M.Tuberculosis with the view to reduce EMB adverse effects.

TL;DR: The biological and epidemiological relevance of SNPs in MTBC, some of the analytical challenges involved in processing SNP data, and a list of features which should be included in a new SNP database for MTBC are discussed.

TL;DR: The role of miRNAs implicated in tuberculosis infection is reviewed, especially related to their new roles in the molecular pathology of tuberculosis immunology and as new targets for future tuberculosis diagnostics.

TL;DR: There was a significant association between Beijing family isolates and multi-drug-resistance, while all MANU genotypes were pan-drug sensitive and the CAS family lineage was most prevalent genotype in the EPTB cases in the population.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors performed a genome-wide transcriptional profile analysis for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) using microarray technology and qRT-PCR analysis.

TL;DR: The results presented herein suggest the possible use of the evaluation of Th1-type cytokines, such as IFN-γ and/or TNF-α, as a correlate of protection against TB; however, these results need to be validated for other groups.

TL;DR: These studies suggest that LAM is likely associated with carrier molecules such as HDL in the blood of patients infected with tuberculosis, and may not be limited to LAM in that many pathogen-associated molecular patterns like LAM are amphiphilic in nature and may also be associated with host lipid carriers.

TL;DR: Mtb72F/AS02 was well tolerated in BCG-vaccinated adults, and tended to be more reactogenic in Mtb-infected adults, while adverse events were mainly self-limiting, resolving without sequelae.

TL;DR: Rec reproducible mycobacterial growth inhibition in splenocytes from BCG immunised mice compared with unimmunised mice is demonstrated, which corresponded with in-vivo efficacy against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) challenge.

TL;DR: The results suggest that some strains with the most common mutations correlated to a high resistance toward streptomycin, isoniazid and rifampicin can grow as well as or better than susceptible strains.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that clinical strains of M. tuberculosis employ a unique caspase-1 independent pathway to stimulate IL-1β secretion from macrophages, which plays an important role in the host resistance to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections.

TL;DR: The clinical, regulatory and research environment for modern efficacy trials of new TB vaccines are substantially different to that when BCG vaccine was first evaluated in infants, and future infant TB vaccine trials will need to allocate sufficient resources and optimise operational efficiency.

TL;DR: Understanding TDM may prove promising towards development of targeted TB therapeutics to limit clinical pathologies and contribute to the development of post primary disease.

TL;DR: The evidence for anthroponotic M. tuberculosis infection in non-human primates, other mammals and psittacines is reviewed, indicating that M.tuber tuberculosis is not uniquely adapted to humans.

TL;DR: Some key updates and upcoming features in TubercuList are summarized, and an overview of the PATRIC site and its online tools for pathogen RNA-Seq analysis are provided.

TL;DR: The need to reinforce the TB policy in Nepal with regard to control and detection strategies is highlighted as the current spread of XDR M. tuberculosis is suggested to have belonged to Beijing family, especially modern types.

TL;DR: Rib lesions are becoming more common, while spinal lesions are decreasing, it is suggested that patients are surviving for longer due to antibiotic treatment, allowing more time for the development of lesions.

TL;DR: Gross morphology and histology of the lungs and spleen indicated that inhaled particles were well-tolerated, and inhalable MP containing NO donors need further investigation as an adjunct to standard anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy.

TL;DR: Molecular methods allow MTBC and NTM species to be simultaneously identified in respiratory specimens and should not be ignored.

TL;DR: Vaccination of cattle with M. bovis Δmce2 induced the highest expression of IFN-γ and IL-17 mRNA upon PPD stimulation of PBMCs compared to vaccination with BCG or that for the non-vaccinated group, and a marked positive reaction to tuberculin intradermal test was observed post-vaccination.