Showing papers in "Vaccine in 1991"

TL;DR: Most livestock vaccines in use throughout the world today for immunization against anthrax are derivatives of the live spore vaccine formulated by Sterne in 1937 and still use descendants of his strain 34F2, and room for development of a successor is discussed.

TL;DR: Using intraperitoneal inoculation of mice with S. typhi strains suspended in hog gastric mucin as a virulence assay, it is shown that the single aro mutants and the double aro mutations of Ty2 and ISP1820 are attenuated in mice.

TL;DR: A large double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of live attenuated Oka/Merck varicella vaccine was conducted among healthy children, 1-14 years of age, finding that the efficacy of the vaccine among susceptible children was 100%1.

TL;DR: The current status of foot-and-mouth disease vaccine production is reviewed, and the production of antigen in bovine tongue epithelium (Frenkel culture) is described and improvements in monolayer and suspension cultures of cell lines are outlined.

TL;DR: Testing two mutations in S. flexneri serotype 5a which, alone or in combination, have yielded promising results when evaluated as vaccine prototypes in orally infected macaque monkeys bring interesting prospects of the possibility of immunizing against shigellosis.

TL;DR: The development of a canarypox-rabies recombinant is described and a comparison is made of the protective efficacy of this recombinant with other pox-rabie recombinants.

TL;DR: This gonococcal pilus vaccine composed of a single pilus type failed to protect men against Gonococcal urethritis and local antibodies (semen) against homologous and heterologous strains were also elicited (ELISA).

TL;DR: The primary and secondary sera IgG antibody responses to ovalbumin entrapped in biodegradable poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) microparticles were compared with the responses obtained with soluble OVA and were not as high as those obtained with OVA in Freund's complete adjuvant.

TL;DR: The results suggest that the selection of either boehmite or amorphous aluminium hydroxyphosphate as an adjuvant should be based in part on the isoelectric point of the antigen.

TL;DR: Results suggest that the kinetics of viral replication outpaces immunity induced by NP, and immunity against the H5 subtype was antibody-mediated despite the presence of very low levels of antibody in the vaccinated birds.

TL;DR: To test the safety and protective capability of the RVF MP-12 immunogen in neonates, lambs less than or equal to 7 days old, born to unvaccinated ewes, were inoculated with 5 x 10(5) p.f.u. of RVFMP-12 and protected against virulent RVFV challenge at 14 days postvaccination.

TL;DR: This study suggests that vaccination with an attenuated strain of S. typhimurium harbouring mutations in two aro genes is a safe and effective way of protecting young calves against experimental S. Typhoon infection.

TL;DR: An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for antibodies to varicella-zoster virus (VZV), using purified viral glycoproteins as antigen (gpELISA), was compared with other assays for measuring vaccine-induced antibody responses and proved highly specific for VZV.

TL;DR: Purified recombinant pertactin was able to stimulate the incomplete protection afforded by toxoid to the level of the whole-cell vaccine, as shown by the Kendrick test, supporting its inclusion in future acellular vaccines.

TL;DR: The properties of S. aureus surface polysaccharides and proteins are reviewed and the possibility that they could be used as components of new vaccine to combat mastitis in ruminants and nosocomial infections is discussed.

TL;DR: Two of the new copolymers, L141 and L180, not only stimulated higher antibody titres to TNP than older preparations, but also induced a higher percentage of the IgG2 isotypes, and incorporation of immunomodulators increased mean IgG titres but also increased variability of responsiveness among individuals.

TL;DR: A recombinant retroviral subunit vaccine has been developed that successfully protects cats from infectious feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) challenge and forms a strong humoral immune response, including neutralizing and feline oncornavirus-associated cell membrane antigen antibodies.

TL;DR: A vaccine containing sodium salicylate extract of Pasteurella haemolytica A2 cells grown in a medium chemically depleted of available iron by the addition of alpha alpha dipyridyl to induce iron-regulated proteins (IRPs) conferred protection to specific pathogen-free (SPF) lambs exposed to an aerosol of P. haemologic A2.

TL;DR: In this article, a model immunostimulating complex (ISCOM) containing sheep erythrocyte membrane proteins was used to study their ability to produce mucosal immune responses in the female reproductive tract, and electron microscopic observations indicated that the ISCOM had a cage-like structure with a diameter of 40 nm.

TL;DR: Revaccination with pneumococcal vaccine of elderly persons can be carried out safely; the levels of anticapsular antibody achieved after revaccination are about half the levels after primary vaccination.

TL;DR: The epidemiology of Hib disease is sufficiently different from industrialized areas that it demands a thorough testing of a conjugated Hib vaccine before it can be introduced on a large scale in populations in non-industralized areas.

TL;DR: Using predictive models of HBcAg particulate structure and the approximate location of the major immunogenic regions, bacterial expression vectors are designed and constructed which direct synthesis of chimeric particles in which heterologous sequences are presented within an immunodominant area on the particle.

TL;DR: The possibility of raising a humoral immune response able to induce protection from the lethal effects of scorpion toxins was evaluated in the mouse model, but the protection was, however, found to be limited both in its duration and its effectiveness against higher amounts of toxin.

TL;DR: It can be concluded that the OmpA surface expression system in combination with established Salmonella vaccine strains can be used to efficiently deliver large antigens to the mucosal immune system.

TL;DR: A recombinant infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (IBRV) vector has been constructed to express bovines growth hormone signal sequence plus a foot-and-mouth disease virus capsid protein epitope as the N-terminal sequence of an IBRV glycoprotein gIII fusion protein on the surface of virus infected cells and on thesurface of virus particles.

TL;DR: The detoxified Ra-LPS (Ra-detox) was the most effective preparation for both increasing antibody titres and inducing the desirable IgG 2a and IgG2b isotypes.

TL;DR: In addition to inoculation route, factors of gender, smoking and age were found to have significant effects on immune response and the results suggest that intradermal vaccination with hepatitis B vaccine may be appropriate under certain conditions and for certain population subgroups.

TL;DR: No significant variation was observed in the humoral or cellular responses after the second dose of the acellular pertussis vaccine, but all vaccinees acquired cellular immunity against the three antigens.

TL;DR: Serum neutralizing antibody to rabies virus was determined in previously unvaccinated Thai pet dogs after receiving one subcutaneous dose of inactivated tissue culture rabies vaccine and data suggest that one dose of tissue culture vaccine in dogs is not adequate to maintain rabies neutralizing antibodies in serum for 1 year.

TL;DR: Results show that vaccination with BLV env vaccinia recombinants protects sheep against infection with extremely high doses of BLV-infected heterologous lymphocytes.