Showing papers in "Vaccine in 2003"

TL;DR: Maternal antibody concentrations in fetal blood increase from early in the second trimester through term, most antibodies being acquired during the third trimester, with IgG1 is the most efficiently transported subclass and IgG2 the least.

TL;DR: Major steps of this vaccine production process including the milestones and the bottlenecks need to be detailed in order to well understand difficulties and hurdles towards increase of global capacity and introduction of new vaccines.

TL;DR: This report analyses the various options with their relative merits and drawbacks and provides preliminary recommendations as guidance to regulatory agencies in evaluating these vaccines for the purposes of licensure.

TL;DR: This paper reviews the cost-effectiveness literature and calculates the annual benefits of vaccination on a global scale and identifies the value of vaccination in general.

TL;DR: Determinant-specific masking of B cell epitopes and APC uptake of MatAb explain the pattern of pre-clinical and clinical responses to infant vaccines and allow the definition of the main determinants of the influence of Mat Ab on infant immunity.

TL;DR: Concluding, CMV carrier status eliciting elevated proinflammatory potential could contribute to unresponsiveness to the anti-influenza vaccine.

TL;DR: The presence of milk SIgA at 15 days as well as the persistence of a SIgM response during the whole lactation period was associated with lower risk of HIV transmission from the mother to the infant, and HIV-1 antibodies from maternal milk have been shown to block transcytosis in vitro in a monolayer enterocyte model.

TL;DR: Breast-feeding represents an ingenious immunological integration of mother and child against infectious agents in the mother's environment, even in relation to relatively common diseases such as otitis media and acute lower respiratory tract infections.

TL;DR: BCG scar and a positive tuberculin reaction were associated with better survival in early childhood in an area with high mortality, suggesting that the effect of BCG vaccination could be due to non-specific immune-stimulation protecting against other infections.

TL;DR: Additional health economic studies from developing countries and from tropical/subtropical regions will be vitally important for better understanding of the global burden of influenza and potential benefits of vaccination.

TL;DR: It is a memento that two recently developed mucosal vaccines for human use against rotavirus diarrhoea and influenza were withdrawn after a short period in the market because of adverse reactions among the vaccinees, emphasising the difficult and challenging task for mucosal immunisation of combining vaccine and adjuvant efficacy with safety and acceptability.

TL;DR: It is concluded that 1018 ISS+HBsAg was well tolerated and immunogenic in this phase I study in healthy adults and may offer the potential for enhancement of hepatitis B virus immunization and protection after one or two doses or in individuals who fail to respond to the standard vaccine regimen.

TL;DR: Vaccination of 60-70% of dogs has been sufficient to control dog rabies in this area and to significantly reduce demand for human post-exposure rabies treatment.

TL;DR: This work shows that during pregnancy maternal circulating immune cells undergo modifications in cell counts, phenotypes, functions and ability to produce soluble factors, such as cytokines, which plays a central role in the maternal adaptation to pregnancy.

TL;DR: The prospective studies available today confirm the experience gained from several retrospective studies that TBE is a disease with a severe acute clinical course and considerable long-term morbidity, and enhances the need for continued local epidemiological surveillance of TBE to form a basis for vaccination policies.

TL;DR: In vivo experiments demonstrate that chitosan microparticles are very promising mucosal vaccine delivery systems and results in protective systemic and local immune response against DT after oral vaccination, and in significant enhancement of IgG production after nasal administration.

TL;DR: Self-report with medical record abstraction for 820 persons aged > or =66 years from inner-city health centers, Veterans Affairs outpatient clinics, rural and suburban practices indicated moderate self-reported immunization rates in the US, with limited validity data.

TL;DR: This report demonstrates that carps, exposed to the virus at 23 degrees C for 3-5 days and then transferred to the non-permissive temperature of 30 degrees C, became resistant to a challenged infection and their sera demonstrated a high level of virus-specific antibodies.

TL;DR: The structure and the conditions of natural foci of TBE are described, as well as the factors influencing the ecology of the TBE virus, environmental and climatic conditions, the vectors and reservoir hosts and their interactions.

TL;DR: Resistance to virus replication in mice primed by two consecutive heterosubtypic infections was of similar strength in nasal and tracheal tissue but lower in pulmonary tissue, suggesting that stronger protection may be achievable by combining both protective activities.

TL;DR: RSV-PFP-2 vaccine was safe and well tolerated by pregnant women, and there was no evidence of enhanced T-cell or cytokine activity in infants of vaccine recipients vs. infants of placebo recipients.

TL;DR: In this paper, a prime-boost protocol was used to immunize pigs against post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), a recently described disease of young pigs.

TL;DR: There is likely to be more than one wave of infection and health services in most countries will be hard pressed to provide vaccines or to manage populations with clinical attack rates of approximately 25-30% and concomitant increases in demand for both primary and secondary health care services.

TL;DR: The actual diagnosis of a tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) must be established in the laboratory because of the non-specific clinical features it presents and the method of choice is the demonstration of specific IgM- and IgG-serum antibodies by enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA), since these antibodies are detectable in practically every case at the time of hospitalization.

TL;DR: To translate the authors' HPV DNA vaccines into the clinical domain, the efficacy of pNGVL4a-Sig/E7(detox)/HSP70 DNA vaccine and of various routes of administrations were assessed and data suggest that DNA vaccination via gene gun represents the most potent regimen for DNA administration.

TL;DR: It is speculated that achieving a minimal protective threshold antibody titer through active immunization will significantly reduce RSV associated-hospitalization among all ages.

TL;DR: The increasing vaccination coverage led to a more or less steady decline of TBE, drastically reducing the public health problem that the disease poses in Austria, especially in the provinces, where formerly the highest morbidity rates were observed.

TL;DR: Various combinations of delivery systems can enhance immunity to DNA-based vaccines and make them practical for administration of these vaccines in large animals, as well as electroporation for systemic immunization.

TL;DR: It is suggested that mannosylated liposomes provide a versatile delivery vehicle for initiating enhanced immune responses to encapsulated peptide or protein vaccines.

TL;DR: With increasing vaccine use, all countries will be better prepared for the next pandemic and those countries that use but do not produce influenza vaccine will find it difficult to obtain supplies of pandemic vaccine.