Showing papers in "Vacuum in 1962"

TL;DR: In this paper, the activation energy, rate constant and order of reaction from flash-filament desorption experiments were examined, and two heating schedules were considered: a linear variation of sample temperature with time (T = T 0+st), and a reciprocal temperature variation (1 T = 1 T 0 −αt).

TL;DR: In this paper, the rate equations for desorption of sorbed gases from solids are considered where the solid surface is exposed to a time varying temperature schedule, and three cases are considered.

TL;DR: In this paper, a continuous-flow technique was employed, a mass spectrometer tube serving as detector, and the permeation coefficient for each metal was measured at several temperatures in the range from 400 to 900°C.

TL;DR: In this article, an electronic feedback circuit was developed to permit automatic control of the deposition rate of alloys by simultaneous evaporation from two sources, and the experimental results showed that the chemical composition of the alloy films can be predicted to ± 0.5 per cent by setting of the dials on the electronic circuitry.

TL;DR: The residual stress in thin films formed by vacuum sublimation of bulk silicon monoxide has been studied as a function of source temperature, residual gases present during deposition, and exposure to atmospheric air after preparation as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: In this article, the relative sensitivities and pumping speeds of the Redhead vacuum gauge for N 2, He, H 2, O 2 and CO 2 were determined, and equilibrium was maintained between the gas pumped by the redhead gauge and a Bayard-Alpert ionization gauge and gas admitted through a controlled leak.

TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that the hitherto inexplicably large pumping speed of this gas, and the onset of pumping before ion production, can be resolved by postulating the chemisorption of nitrogen atoms at the glass walls.

TL;DR: In this paper, a mathematical treatment is given to the problem of distillation under vacuum, in a pressure region above that at which molecular distillation can occur, and a comparison of theoretical and practical distillation rates shows a satisfactory agreement.

TL;DR: The use of molecular sieve as aorption material in cryogenic pumping techniqyes has found a number of important applications in the production of high vacua for experimental purposes, and in the routine evacuation of electronic valves.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors suggest guidelines for use in laboratory coating of plastic films, including heater design, substrate backing, absorption of stray radiation, speed of deposition, and the adequate capacity of the vacuum system both in space and pumping speed.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors show that the thermal decomposition of glass produces spherical particles from about 10 −6 to more than 10 −5 cm in diameter which are resistant to annealing temperatures and readily soluble in water.

TL;DR: In this article, a knife-edge valve with a 2.5 cm aperture has been developed which offers significant advantages compared with other types of all metal valve, and the initial closure torque remains unchanged after 300 operations without a measurable increase in the closed conductance of −14 1/sec.

TL;DR: In this paper, the equilibrium constants for the reaction of gaseous silicon monoxide with both oxygen and vapor separately have been computed from free energy data, and the values obtained have been used to determine the ratio of partial pressures of silicon dioxide and silicon dioxide which exist in the gas phase in equilibrium with various partial pressure of the oxidizing gas.

TL;DR: In this article, an investigation was carried out for the evaluation and comparison of different vacuum tube materials, especially with respect to the elimination of grid emission, based on the monitoring of emission as a function of temperature.

TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of back-streaming vapour can be effectively diminished by placing at the wall around the nozzle a ring of suitable size and shape, which has shown an increase in pumping efficiency of 44 per cent and 73 per cent for air and hydrogen, respectively, over the efficiency of the unmodified pump.

TL;DR: In this article, the high-temperature physical and chemical properties of the mixture of zirconium and graphite and of titanium silicides are described for the suppression of grid emission in tubes of high efficiency with thoriated-tungsten cathodes.

TL;DR: In this article, a conventional ionization gauge is fitted with an extra grid, the grid nearest the filament is called G1 and that nearest the collector G2, and if G2 is operated in the normal way then G1 can be used to interrupt the electron flow.

TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that using outgassed mica spacers in thermionic valves results in no improvement in performance when compared with using mica that has not been de-gassed, even though a small part of the mica is in contact with the cathode core operating at 730°C.

TL;DR: In this article, a new principle of leak detection was investigated depending on the differences in thermal conductivities between a search gas and air, where a hot wire element exposed to air containing traces of search gas changes its temperature and hence its resistance and this change was detected by comparison with a reference element exposing to air.

TL;DR: In this paper, a general requirement is that seals should stand up to temperature cycling to both high and very low temperatures and the behaviour is reported of the different designs when subjected to these conditions.

TL;DR: In this article, a method of using vacuum calorimetry as a means of determining directly the energy deposited in an electrically exploded wire is presented, compared with that given by the time integral of the product of voltage and current.

TL;DR: In this article, auteur a etudie le calcul des constantes de temps des canalisation de vide avec des constants sont uniformement distribuees, soit localisees.

TL;DR: In this paper, low-cost recording meters have been incorporated in a simple differential vacuum tube voltmeter circuit calibrated to read ion currents in conventional vacuum gauges, which has proved useful for monitoring pressure changes in a gettered high-vacuum system and should have application for instruction purposes.