Showing papers in "Vacuum in 1975"

TL;DR: In this article, the sensitivity of an ionization gauge for many inorganic gases and hydrocarbon gases up to C10 compounds has been determined using the ionization cross-section Results obtained indicate a linear relationship with a slope of n = 1 between the gauge sensitivity and the ionisation crosssection.

TL;DR: In this paper, a two part account examines the methods available for the measurement of outgassing rate of materials for use in ultra-high vacuum, and the results obtained for some selected materials.

TL;DR: The theory of internal flows at such low pressures that the Navier-Stokes equations are not valid is reviewed in this paper, and the empirical methods used to provide a smooth transition from slip to free molecular flow are reviewed, and a method of obtaining an equation for the total flow regime is illustrated.

TL;DR: In this article, the nature of the neutral species rf sputtered from several oxide targets has been studied using a technique in which the sputtered particles are ionized in the glow discharge and are then detected with a quadrupole mass filter.

TL;DR: In the absence of leaks, the outgassing of the chamber walls determines the lowest pressure obtainable in a vacuum system, thus the selection of the materials of construction has a marked influence on the system diffusion from the bulk material as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors used a mass spectrometer for all pressure measurements and showed that the adsorption of the active gas causes considerable desorption on the film surface.

TL;DR: In this paper, a mechanism of self-regeneration was proposed to explain the emission-current stability of carbon fibres field emitters in poor vacuum, and the halfwidth of the energy distribution of the emitted electrons was comparable with that for tungsten.

TL;DR: In this article, two simplified methods for the calculation of partial pressure are discussed theoretically in conjunction with the ionization probability of producing the most characteristic ion of molecules, which can be evaluated within an accuracy of less than 10% for many molecules.

TL;DR: In this article, the properties and performance of glass, metals, ceramics and, in some application, synthetics are reviewed and data on the physical parameters and preparation procedures, pertinent to their use in ultra high vacuum application, are given.

TL;DR: In this article, a brief review of the electric properties of stabilized zirconia indicates that it is an interesting candidate as a basic material for a renewable oxygen getter, and experimental results have confirmed this statement.

TL;DR: In this article, Monte Carlo simulations of the flow of particles through tubes are used to study the effects of a theoretically well founded non-specular reflection probability on the transmission of the tubes and the angular distribution of the emerging particles.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the technology involved in developing supervision circuitry to monitor the parameters of a conventional commercially available rf sputtering system employed in the fabrication of high optical quality dielectric films for integrated-optics applications.

TL;DR: In this article, a computer program is described which performs quantitative assignment of elemental and molecular ion currents to the mass peaks in a secondary ion mass spectrum using natural isotopic abundancies for the identification of atomic and molecular ions.

TL;DR: In this article, the gas evolution rate from the surface of a solid is determined as a function of temperature during controlled heating of the solid, for the case where it is assumed that gas atoms are initially trapped at centres requiring an activation energy E for stimulation into a diffused mode.

TL;DR: In this article, single crystal and polycrystalline targets of Si and GaAs have been bombarded at 60° to their surface normal with 1 to 6 mA beams of A + and Xe + ions with energies between 6 and 12 keV in a vacuum of 10 −4 torr.

TL;DR: In this article, heavy ion induced Auger electron spectroscopy is presented as a new tool for surface analysis, which offers the advantage of selective excitation of specific impurity elements present in a solid matrix by choosing a proper value of projectile mass and projective energy.

TL;DR: In this article, the application of a laboratory scale centrifugal molecular still for the processing of high-boiling petroleum residues remaining from the distillation, at atmospheric pressure, of crude petroleum is described.

TL;DR: In this paper, a simple technique for gas flow stabilization in vacuum systems is described, and the gas conductance through porous silicon carbide plugs is shown to fall by a factor of 2.5 for the gases He and Ne as the plug temperature is increased from 77K to 800 K.

TL;DR: In this paper, a study of the available literature on ionization gauges using radioisotopes has been carried out, to determine their major design criteria, and three topics are examined in detail: (1) isotopes used as ionizing source, (2) principles involved in designing the sensing head and its associated electronic curcuit, and (3) sensing head construction.

TL;DR: The concept of a solid state diffusion pump is discussed in this article, where ionized atoms are injected into a membrane which separates the pumped region and a higher pressure backing region, and the injected ions are not stored indefinitely in this membrane as in ion pump geometry however but are transported across the membrane by diffusion.

TL;DR: In this paper, a mass spectrometric method for the routine evaluation of the volatile substance contents of elastomers and plastics has been established, and the reproducibility of the method is about 10% and the minimum measurable amounts are 10−9−10−10 −10 g (1−0·1 ppm).

TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that up to (0.1-50) × 10 12 hydrogen molecules can evolve per one revolution of the inner fitting of a ground-glass joint.

TL;DR: In this paper, the present state on the way towards the first feasibility demonstration of power generation by nuclear fusion is discussed, and the following points are considered: • Basic physics of thermonuclear fusion devices • Thermonuclear plasma confinement configurations • Technical aspects of fusion reactors • Further aspects of nuclear power plant operation.

TL;DR: A simple system for the continuous treatment in vacuo of wire, thread, yarn and other filaments is described in this paper, where a simple system is described for continuous treatment of wire and thread.

TL;DR: In this article, the Kavtaradze equation was used for the analysis of the transpiration data for CO 2 in the range 50 −545°C and was shown to agree well with the experimental data.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reported the release of Kr-85 from foils of Ni, Ti and 316 stainless steel following ion bombardment to intermediate doses and at 500 keV energy proceeds in the temperature range 800-1200°C with activation enthalpies of about 3.1-3.3 eV.

TL;DR: In this paper, a cylindrical-mirror energy analyser incorporating a spherical grid system for the retardation of the particle flux prior to analysis is described, and the resolution limit of the instrument is around 0.25% for an extended source of electrons.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors used electron-diffraction patterns to determine the film density and the observed influence of average thickness and surface roughness on electrical resistivity led them to an estimate of the values of some bulk-metal charge-transport parameters.