Showing papers in "Victims & Offenders in 2020"
TL;DR: Given the historically contentious relationship between the police and African Americans, the current project examines the extent to which the use of excessive and lethal force by the police affects the lives of African Americans as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Given the historically contentious relationship – including most notably the use of excessive and lethal force – between the police and African Americans, the current project examines the extent to...
61 citations
TL;DR: The COVID-19 pandemic infiltrated the United States in early 2020, with correctional facilities becoming hot spots for the novel coronavirus shortly thereafter as mentioned in this paper, using data gathered from Departments of State and Health and Human Services.
Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic infiltrated the United States in early 2020, with correctional facilities becoming hot spots for the novel coronavirus shortly thereafter. Using data gathered from Departments...
45 citations
TL;DR: For example, there are more than 4.5 million Americans under some form of community supervision as mentioned in this paper, and much of the experience of traditional community supervision relies on face-to-face interactions.
Abstract: Currently, there are more than 4.5 million Americans under some form of community supervision. Much of the experience of traditional community supervision relies on face-to-face interactions. Indiv...
28 citations
TL;DR: Using data drawn from the 2015 School Crime Supplement to the National Crime Victimization Survey, this article investigated whether specific types of bullying experienced by a youth influenced his or her ability to cope with bullying.
Abstract: Using data drawn from the 2015 School Crime Supplement to the National Crime Victimization Survey, we investigate whether specific types of bullying experienced by a youth influences his or her aca...
21 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the central question of the authors is: "To what extent and how do the needs of cybercrime victims deviate from those of traditional offline offenders?" In total, 19 victims and 22 offenders were identified.
Abstract: The central question of this article is: To what extent and how do the needs of victims of cybercrime deviate from the needs of victims of traditional offline offenses? In total, 19 victims and 22 ...
20 citations
TL;DR: Overall, 6 months into the coronavirus crisis, the adopted measures appear to have helped curtail the spread of the virus within prisons, but at a great cost to the inmates and their families.
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to discuss and evaluate how prison administrators in England and Wales responded to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19). The first case of COVID-19 was confirmed in the ...
20 citations
TL;DR: In this article, country-level differences in the extent of COVID-19 outbreaks in corrections systems across the European region were documented. Variations in the timing, duration, and intensity of front-en...
Abstract: This article documents country-level differences in the extent of COVID-19 outbreaks in corrections systems across the European region. Variations in the timing, duration, and intensity of front-en...
19 citations
TL;DR: As the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) spread across the United States in spring 2020, the Federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP) made the startling announcement that of its 2,700 initial screenings of inmates for...
Abstract: As the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) spread across the United States in spring 2020, the Federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP) made the startling announcement that of its 2,700 initial screenings of inmates for ...
19 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, participants from a large school district were asked to participate in a lockdown drill in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the drill and its effectiveness in school emergency preparedness strategy, yet there was an alarming lack of empirical data to inform their use.
Abstract: Lockdown drills are a commonly practiced school emergency preparedness strategy, yet there is an alarming lack of empirical data to inform their use. In the current study, participants from a large...
17 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examine transitional justice mechanisms to determine if historical abuse inquiries can learn from this field of practice, and explore the Northern Ireland Historica (NIH).
Abstract: The article critically examines transitional justice mechanisms to determine if historical abuse inquiries can learn from this field of practice. The article explores the Northern Ireland Historica...
16 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors identify and analyze how prison systems in Argentina, Chile, Colombia, and Mexico respond to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and explore the challenges these ins...
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to identify and analyze how prison systems in Argentina, Chile, Colombia, and Mexico respond to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19). It explores the challenges these ins...
TL;DR: The range of secondary (witnessed) violence experiences among incarcerated persons lacks comprehensive development in the literature as mentioned in this paper, which is a critical area of study in the field of violence exposure.
Abstract: Prison-based violence exposure is a critical area of study, yet the range of secondary (witnessed) violence experiences among incarcerated persons lacks comprehensive development in the literature....
TL;DR: In this article, the authors apply a multi-theoretical lens to both cyber abuse perpetration and cyber abuse within intimate relationships. But, they focus on the cyber abuse in intimate relationships and do not address the cyber-bullying aspect.
Abstract: Cyber abuse within intimate relationships is an increasingly common, but poorly understood, criminological issue. The present study applies a multi-theoretical lens to both cyber abuse perpetration...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the global impact of Covid-19 on corrections and propose a global impact analysis of the Covid19-based correction algorithm for correcting errors.
Abstract: ABSTRACT This introduction discusses the global impact of Covid-19 on corrections.
TL;DR: Most countries have implemented guidelines and policies in response to COVID-19 as discussed by the authors that have had a direct impact on institutionalized or incarcerated persons with mental health problems. Although thes...
Abstract: Most countries have implemented guidelines and policies in response to COVID-19 that have had a direct impact on institutionalized or incarcerated persons with mental health problems. Although thes...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors focus on the influence of the Alt-Right on the 2016 U.S. presidential election and its influence on the outcome of the 2016 presidential election.
Abstract: Interest in the Alt-Right has grown due to its apparent influence on the 2016 presidential election. Despite growing literature on the Alt-Right as an entity, limited attention has been given to th...
TL;DR: In this article, the extent of COVID-19 outbreaks in the North American, Central American, and Caribbean regions, and then compared the country-specific mitigation strategies impleme...
Abstract: This article documents the extent of COVID-19 outbreaks in the North American, Central American, and Caribbean regions, and then compares the country-specific COVID-19 mitigation strategies impleme...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examine country-level variations in the extent of COVID-19 outbreaks in prisons and jails across the African region, and examine the differences in the use of front-end, in-prison, and back-end mitigations.
Abstract: This article examines country-level variations in the extent of COVID-19 outbreaks in prisons and jails across the African region. Differences in the use of front-end, in-prison, and back-end mitig...
TL;DR: Controlling COVID rates, which initially soared within New York State, proved to be more challenging for correctional institutions, which were tasked with trying to protect a captive population as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Controlling COVID rates, which initially soared within New York State, proved to be more challenging for correctional institutions, which were tasked with trying to protect a captive population. Th...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors highlight intra-regional variation in the extent of COVID-19 outbreaks in South America generally and then provide an assessment of the nature and extent of outbreaks.
Abstract: This article highlights intra-regional variation in the extent of the COVID-19 outbreaks in South America generally and then provides an assessment of the nature and extent of outbreaks in South Am...
TL;DR: In Germany, the situation of prisons before the outbreak of the Covid-19-pandemic was quite relaxed as the prison population was in decline and overcrowding not a problem.
Abstract: In Germany, the situation of prisons before the outbreak of the Covid-19-pandemic was quite relaxed as the prison population was in decline and overcrowding not a problem. However, there was a spec...
TL;DR: Based on the short-term impact of reforms on inmate and staff health, the size of the prison and jail population, and public safety, an aggressive three-pronged COVID-19-based corrections research agenda is recommended.
Abstract: We review the nature and extent of COVID-19 outbreaks across corrections systems globally, and document the types of front-end, in-prison, and back-end mitigation strategies used to address the COV...
TL;DR: The impact of the virus on incarcerated persons and the ways in which the government reacted to several prison riots that took place in response to crowded prisons, the COVID-19 outbreak, and the initial lock down measures put in place are chronicles.
Abstract: Italy was the first country outside of Asia to deal with a major COVID-19 outbreak. The first cases dated back to January 31, 2020, when two Chinese tourists visiting Rome tested positive for the v...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used the routine activities framework to identify motivation, target, and guardian characteristics influencing the severity of mass shooting fatalities and injuries, and found that the characteristics of a shooter's motivation and target were correlated.
Abstract: This study uses the routine activities framework to identify motivation, target, and guardian characteristics influencing the severity of mass shooting fatalities and injuries. Significant findings...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors identify the chief factors behind the incidence of COVID-19 cases and deaths inside the Brazilian prison system, testing the hypotheses that better equipped and better-staffed s...
Abstract: This paper seeks to identify the chief factors behind the incidence of COVID-19 cases and deaths inside the Brazilian prison system, testing the hypotheses that better equipped and better-staffed s...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyzed the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on corrections and crime in the southern region of Europe formed by Spain and Portugal, and found that the main mechanisms of transmission of the pandemic were:
Abstract: This paper analyzes the impact that the Covid-19 pandemic has had on corrections and crime in the southern region of Europe formed by Spain and Portugal. The main mechanisms of transmission of Covi...
TL;DR: The literature on desistance from crime shows that desisters often engage in a process of rebiographing, crafting life stories that make sense of their move away from crime as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The literature on desistance from crime shows that desisters often engage in a process of rebiographing, crafting life stories – or “redemption scripts” – that make sense of their move away from cr...
TL;DR: The World Prison Research Programme at the Institute for Crime & Justice Policy Research, based at Birkbeck (University of London) monitors trends in the distribution of sentences in the UK.
Abstract: The author directs the World Prison Research Programme at the Institute for Crime & Justice Policy Research, based at Birkbeck (University of London). The programme’s research team monitors trends ...
TL;DR: Examining the strategies employed by one provincial correctional authority in Canada that has to date successfully prevented the spread of COVID-19 in custody centers by adopting a health-informed approach to the crisis rather than a traditional justice-informed response highlights practices that can inform the responses of other jurisdictions as the pandemic continues.
Abstract: Health and justice officials across North America have described correctional institutions as petri dishes for the transmission of COVID-19. Individuals in custody commonly have health profiles tha...
TL;DR: A sample of Americans in early adulthood was surveyed to determine whether and how victimization shapes future offending among non-Hispanic Whites, non- Hispanic Blacks, and Hispanics and to exa... as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: A sample of Americans in early adulthood was surveyed to determine (1) whether and how victimization shapes future offending among non-Hispanic Whites, non-Hispanic Blacks, and Hispanics and to exa...