Showing papers in "Vingtieme Siecle-revue D Histoire in 1985"
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TL;DR: Au lendemain de l'independance du Maroc, du fait de leur association historique avec l'administration du protectorat, les elites rurales etaient discreditees as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Au lendemain de l'independance du Maroc, du fait de leur association historique avec l'administration du protectorat, les elites rurales – au pouvoir economique intact – etaient discreditees. Tres rapidement, la monarchie a pourtant compris, qu'en s'appuyant sur ces elites, elle parviendrait a s’emanciper du mouvement national. Mais cette solidarite avec les forces du passe a empeche toute modernisation du pays et accru les tensions a l’interieur de la societe marocaine. Un classique dans la comprehension de l’histoire marocaine.
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TL;DR: Ageron as discussed by the authors describes the history of North African immigration in France and shows that the massive importation of North Africans did not stem from calculations of business leaders or French officials, but from the call of the " paradise of man".
Abstract: North African immigration in France : a historical overview, Charles-Robert Ageron. ; The number of North Africans now living in France equals that of the Europeans present in North Africa at the end of the colonial period. Starting from this " ruse of history ", the author recalls some obvious facts which seem to have been forgotten in the present discussion on immigration. Until 1959, the massive importation of North African workers did not stem from calculations of business leaders or French officials. Conversely, it was not only under-development, under-employment and overpopulation which made so many North Africans cross the Mediterranean : imagination also played its role ; the call of the " paradise of man " excited the social mobility of these people. Everything changed in the 1950s, when immigration became a family process of a permanent nature and the French realized this alteration.
TL;DR: The Popular Front, a conflict about political models, was perhaps only a feigned confrontation with the real questions put aside, a war of words which would soon lead to action.
Abstract: The feigned confrontation of the 1930s, Serge Berstein. The crisis of the 1930s called for new solutions. No French political force was able to propose any. As the conflicts between haves and have-nots became acute, they also took on unusual shapes. A religious war which never got farther than the realm of discourse was a substitute for a debate on management. The thinking on adaptation to new economic forms was buried in an ideological combat whose catch words were « democracy », « fascism » and « communism ». The Popular Front, a conflict about political models, was perhaps only a feigned confrontation with the real questions put aside, a war of words which would soon lead to action. The sorcerers' apprentices of the sham-word would then wage genuine civil war.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: A century of foreign immigration in France, Pierre Milza as discussed by the authors describes the recurrent xenophobia, the comparative capacity of the various immigrant groups to become assimilated and the agents of such assimilation : school, religion, political solidarity, industrial work.
Abstract: A century of foreign immigration in France, Pierre Milza. The French melting pot is apparently no longer functioning, after performing its role quite well for more than a century. The author describes the recurrent xenophobia, the comparative capacity of the various immigrant groups to become assimilated and the agents of such assimilation : school, religion, political solidarity, industrial work. He concludes not by singling out the religious element, which would make Islam unassimilable, but by emphasizing the increasing decline of industrial employment : that is perhaps what broke the French crucible.
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TL;DR: The Dreyfus affair, at the dawn of our own century, did not fit into either of these two readings of history as discussed by the authors, it seemed to introduce a new kind of conflict pitting against each other two of antagonistic value systems.
Abstract: The Dreyfus affairs, Michel Winock ; Two types of conflict divided the French throughout the 19th century : the class struggle inherited from the industrial revolution and the opposition between right and left, stemming from the debate around the Old Regime and the Revolution. The Dreyfus affair, at the dawn of our own century, did not fit into either of these two readings of history. It seemed to introduce a new kind of conflict pitting against each other two of antagonistic value systems. The first feeds a nationalism attached above all to social preservation and to authority, and the second is served by a new clergy, the universalist intellectuels, devoted to justice and truth. Although the Affair was clearly unique, could not be used as a historical paradigm, and provide a different reading of the jolts of 20th century France ? There is a homology between it and the French crisis of the 1930s, during which left wing intellectuals and « nationalists » fought each other, as well as the Vichy regime, which in a way gave power to the « anti-Dreyfusards » and finally the Algerian conflict, which once more opposed the clerics and the army.