Showing papers in "Vingtieme Siecle-revue D Histoire in 1988"

L'american way of life et les missions françaises de productivité

Abstract: The « American way of life » and French productivity missions, Richard F. Kuisel ; During the post-war reconstruction periode, the US played an important role in France in more than one respect. Beyond financial aid, the American social-economic model was a discovery and even an object of fascination for the French. « Productivity missions» — composed of civil servants, economists, labor union and business leaders — were sent across the Atlantic in the early 1950s to analyze the reasons behind American economic achievements, particularly in the field of productivity, which made possible a high standard of living, including for workers. Not without reluctance and reservations, they attempted to import some of the components of the American way of life.

Villes coloniales et histoire des Africains

Abstract: Colonial cities and history of the Africans, Catherine Coquery-Vidrovitch. ; Africa has long been considered a vast rural continent in which urbanization developed at the impulse of colonizers. In fact, although marginal, African cities are ancient and have had a life of their own alongside western establishments. Since the early 1960s, urbanism has become the major phenomenon in black Africa. In 1990, the urban population will be larger than the rural population. The colonial city, from this point of view, initiated this process. But African town planners, trained in Western techniques and molds, will nevertheless have to integrate their customary heritage and the necessities of modern planning.

The Marshall Plan. America, Britain, and the Reconstruction of Western Europe, 1947-1952

Abstract: Introduction Toward the Marshall Plan: from New Era designs to New Deal synthesis 1. Searching for a 'creative peace': European integration and the origins of the Marshall Plan 2. Paths to plenty: European recovery planning and the American policy compromise 3. European union or middle kingdom: Anglo-American formulations, the German problem, and the organizational dimension of the ERP 4. Strategies of transnationalism: the ECA and the politics of peace and productivity 5. Changing course: European integration and the traders triumphant 6. Two worlds or three: the sterling crisis, the dollar gap, and the integration of Western Europe 7. Between union and unity: European integration and the sterling-dollar dualism 8. Holding the line: the ECA's efforts to reconcile recovery and rearmament 9. Guns and butter: politics and diplomacy at the end of the Marshall Plan Conclusion America made the European way Bibliography Index.

Les dénaturalisés de Vichy (1940-1944)

Abstract: Vichy's denaturalized, 1940-1944, Bernard Laguerre. ; The Vichy regime's law of 22 July 1940 was enacted to revise the naturalizations which had been granted since the law of 10 August 1927 or even prior to it. It affected about 15 000 people, among whom 6-7 000 Jews. The law belonged to the xenophobic movement of the end of the Third Republic and constituted the first of the Vichy anti-Semitic dispositions. While it facilitated the deportation of the French Jews as part of the Final Solution, it was above all a manifestation of the national revolution as an ideology of exclusion.

La Loi de 1948 sur les loyers

Abstract: The 1948 law on rents, Daniele Voldman. ; The 1948 law on rents which was meant to encourage real estate investment, did not produce the intended effects. Wanting to cater to both landlords and tenants — two incompatible parts — the parliamentarians missed their goal. The new law froze the situation it was supposed to open up, and by increasing rents substantially without increasing the value of housing for rent, it disgruntled everyone.

La « nouvelle droite » entre printemps et automne (1968-1986)

Abstract: The « New Right » between spring and fall (1968-1986), Anne-Marie Duranton-Crabol. The Group for Research and Study on European Civilization (GRECE), founded in 1968, was at the heart of the « new right » phenomenon in France, much-discussed around 1978-1979. This ideological group operates in the area of « metapolitics », away from party affiliations, to restore to the peoples of Europe the « awareness of their destiny ». Its anti-Marxism, its anti-Americanism, its interest in biology seduced intellectuals and newspaper writers (e.g. at Figaro Magazine, for a while) and even some political advisers. At a time when the future of this « new right » seems very uncertain, here is the first history of an « intellectual pole » which was also, and often unwillingly, a pressure group.