Virology & Mycology 

About: Virology & Mycology is an academic journal. The journal publishes majorly in the area(s): Population & Virus. It has an ISSN identifier of 2161-0517. Over the lifetime, 135 publications have been published receiving 473 citations.

SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Abstract: The SARS-CoV-2 infection is likely from a zoonotic source. Transmissibility between people happens principally through beads and surface contacts. People with the infection may shed it while suggestive or asymptomatic. Despite the fact that brooding period is as long as 12 days, middle term of viral shedding can be as long as 20 days. Clinical manifestations change generally and might be mellow (80%), moderate (15%), or serious (5%).

Optimal Physical Parameters for Growth of Trichoderma Species atVarying pH, Temperature and Agitation

Abstract: The study was aimed to carry out experiments to determine the optimal parameters for the biomass production of Trichoderma. It is quite essential to determine the physical conditions that are favorable for the growth of Trichoderma species. The seven species under study have been isolated from the rhizospheric soils of chickpea; pigeon pea and lentil crops of different areas of an Indian State (Uttar Pradesh) and these were later tested in vitro at different pH, temperatures and varying agitation speed. A significant difference in the biomass production was recorded among the species at tested pH levels i.e. 4.0, 4.5, 5.0, 5.5, 6.0, 6.5, 7.0, 7.5 and 8.0. The most favorable pH ranges between 5.5 and 7.5 in which total dry weight of mycelium varies between 1.41 and 1.35 g. Although all the species of Trichoderma produced sufficient biomass at different temperatures viz. 20°C, 25°C, 30°C and 35°C but they were found to be best grown at a temperature range of 25°C to 30°C. Aeration by agitation was also checked at different speeds such as 100, 150, 200 and 250 rpm but greatest biomass was recorded at 150 rpm.

Human Respiratory Coronaviruses Detected In Patients with Influenza-Like Illness in Arkansas, USA

Abstract: Acute respiratory viruses often result in significant morbidity and mortality. The potential impact of human respiratory coronavirus (CoV) infections was underestimated until the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARSCoV) outbreak in 2003, which showed that new, highly pathogenic coronaviruses could be introduced to humans, highlighting the importance of monitoring the circulating coronaviruses. The use of sensitive molecular methods has contributed to the differential diagnosis of viruses circulating in humans. Our study aim was to investigate the molecular epidemiology of human CoV strains circulating in Arkansas, their genetic variability and their association with reported influenza-like symptoms. We analyzed 200 nasal swab samples, collected by the Arkansas Department of Health in 2010, for influenza diagnosis. All samples were from patients showing acute respiratory symptoms while testing negative for influenza. Samples were pre-screened, using a quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) multiprobe for coronavirus, and subjected to confirmatory pancoronavirus and/or strain-specific reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR followed by sequence analysis. Seventy-nine samples (39.5%) were positive by qRTPCR and 35 samples (17.5%) were confirmed by conventional RT-PCR. Twenty-three of the confirmed samples (59%) were sequenced. The most frequent strain detected was HCoV-OC43-like followed by NL63-like; only one sample was positive for HCoV-229E and one for HCoV-HKU1. Feline-like CoV strains were detected in three samples, representing possible evidence of interspecies transmission or a new human strain. Seventeen percent of the coronavirus positive samples were also positive for other respiratory viruses, such as Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), Parainfluenza 2 and 3, and Rhinovirus. Thus, HCoV-OC43, NL63, HKU1 and new feline-like strains were circulating in Arkansas in 2010. HCoV was the sole respiratory virus detected in 16% of the patients who showed acute respiratory symptoms with negative diagnoses for influenza virus.

A Clinico-Mycological Study of Superficial Mycoses from a Tertiary Care Hospital of a North Indian Town

Abstract: Introduction: Superficial mycoses refer to the diseases of skin and its appendages caused by fungi. Aims & Objectives: The present study was undertaken to find out the prevalence of different clinical types of Dermatomycoses including Dermatophytes, candida spp. and dermatomycotic mold infections of skin and its appendages and their etiological agents in and around Aligarh region of Northern India. Material and Methods: The study was conducted at the Department of Microbiology, JNMC,AMU, Aligarh, during the period of July 2011-July 2013. A total of 425 samples were collected including skin, nail and hair for a period of 5 years. Skin, nail scraping and clippings of infected hair from patients were collected. The samples were subjected to direct microscopy and culture. Results: Out of 425 samples, Dermatophytoses was manifested clinically more in the males between the age of 11-30 years. In our study, KOH positivity rate was 61.2% and culture positivity rate was 58.8%. 18.8% of samples were culture positive alone; while, 21.2% of specimens were positive on direct microscopy alone. Dermatophytoses was the commonest superficial fungal infection in 123 cases 28 (9.5%), followed by Dermatomycotic molds in 32 (7.2%) and candidiasis in 15 (3.5%). T.rubrum was the predominant pathogen followed by T. mentagrophytes. Conclusions: It is concluded that along with Dermatophytes, non-dermatophytic fungi are also emerging as an important cause of superficial mycoses.

Competitive Enzyme Linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay (c-ELISA) Based Sero-Prevalence of Bluetongue Virus (BTV) on Small Ruminants in SelectedAreas of Wolyita, Southern Ethiopia

Abstract: The objective of the present study is to assess the sero-prevalence and associated risk factors for small ruminants’ bluetongue infection in selected agro-ecology of woliyta zone, southern Ethiopia. Serum samples were collected randomly from the accessed small ruminates and screened for detection of BTV-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (c-ELISA). A total of 476 serum samples were tested and 196 (41.17%) were positive for bluetongue virus antibodies. A prevalence rate ranging from 26.53% for the midland altitude to 73.47% for the lowland was recorded. To disease associated risk factor age, and location was recorded using multivariate analysis of logistic regression model. Within species goat 114 (58.2%) and sheep 82 (41.8%) sero positive reactors was recorded. This is the first report indicating the presence of bluetongue virus infection in the area.