Showing papers in "Virus Research in 2003"

TL;DR: For the first time, it is able to unequivocally show the recent pandemic spread of a FMDV type O strain through the whole of Asia and into Africa and Europe.

TL;DR: The overall extent of codon usage bias in RNA viruses is low and that there is little variation in bias between genes, and the strong correlation between base and dinucleotide composition and codonusage bias suggested that mutation pressure rather than natural (translational) selection is the most important determinant of the codon bias observed.

TL;DR: This paper presents a meta-analysis of the literature on canine coronavirus and its role in infectious disease in primates and concludes that the vaccine-preventable forms of the disease are more likely to be transmitted through contact chemoreception and contact tracing than through contact tracing.

TL;DR: Although many questions of how FMDV causes its devastating disease remain, the following review provides a summary of the current state of knowledge into the molecular basis of the virus' interaction with its host that produces one of the most contagious and frightening diseases of animals or man.

TL;DR: Quasispecies dynamics predict higher probability of success of antiviral strategies based on multivalent vaccines and combination therapy, and this has been supported by clinical and veterinary practice and also new antiviral Strategies based on virus entry into error catastrophe are under investigation.

TL;DR: Foot and mouth disease was widespread throughout the world until the end of the 19th century, but from the early 20th century the disease was progressively eradicated from the developed world because of its severe economic impact on intensive livestock production.

TL;DR: An overview of the major strategies that have become operational during the past 10 years for engineered virus resistance, including the use of pokeweed antiviral protein, 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase and "plantibodies".

TL;DR: In this article, the authors sequenced the entire N, P and G genes of both Aravan and Khujand viruses and compared them with respective sequences of other lyssavirus available from GenBank.

TL;DR: Various mechanisms, ranging from simple post-translational modification to complex, sequential masking-and-exposure of localization signals, are used to insure the proper movement of the vRNPs.

TL;DR: Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequences for the N, M and F genes of the different isolates revealed that all three genes were well conserved, and the P gene showed more diversity than the others.

TL;DR: The history of research in foot-and-mouth disease falls into several distinct areas and what I consider to be the significant advances in the authors' knowledge of the disease and its causal agent are highlighted.

TL;DR: The purpose of this paper is to review the current understanding of PRRSV N protein shuttling and propose aShuttling scheme regulated by RNA binding and post-translational modification, as well as a possible nuclear export signal (NES).

TL;DR: For a small RNA virus that strictly replicates in the cytoplasm, a portion of its life cycle does include interaction with the host cell nucleus and recent studies indicate that the viral protease-polymerase precursor 3CD can enter nucleus in poliovirus-infected cells.

TL;DR: Partial sequence and residue substitution analyses of the fusion protein gene showed a close genetic relationship to Sudanese viruses from the mid-1970, suggesting that PPMV-1 viruses could be of African origin.

TL;DR: This work examines sarcoids from horses from two geographical areas for the major transforming gene of bovine papilloma virus, E5, and detects several unique DNA sequence variants that resulted in sarcoid specific amino acid sequence variations.

TL;DR: Results indicate that OV-SA00 is a strain of OV rather than a different parapoxvirus, and further studies are necessary to determine if the severity of orf-induced lesions in this goat kid was the result of individual host susceptibility factors.

TL;DR: Sequence similarities among genogroup D isolates from North America, Europe, Asia, Australia and North Africa demonstrate that an E11 strain can spread rapidly over a wide geographic area.

TL;DR: The data suggest that nuclear targeting by 2A and 3BCD may be responsible for regulating cellular mRNA and rRNA transcription during infection, perhaps via a proteolytic mechanism catalyzed by the endogenous 3C(pro) sequence.

TL;DR: This review will focus on the importance of herpesvirus envelope glycoproteins for infection of neurons and transneuronal spread, and their influence on viral pathogenesis.

TL;DR: Recent evidence showing that poliovirus and vesicular stomatitis virus can inhibit nucleo-cytoplasmic transport within cells is examined and the data indicate that inhibition by both viruses involves targeting components of the nuclear pore complex (NPC).

TL;DR: A number of positive and negative strand RNA viruses whose primary site of replication is the cytoplasm use the nucleus and/or nuclear components in order to facilitate their replicative processes and alter host cell function.

TL;DR: Analysis of the genomes of astroviruses infecting sheep and turkey revealed two protein regions with the potential for forming coiled coils, differences in the postulated transmembrane region, a similarity between the putative astrovirus nuclear localisation signal and calicivirus genome-linked proteins, and a stretch of a highly conserved RNA sequence with a possible role in the astrov virus capsid gene expression.

TL;DR: Analyzing the codon usage bias of eight open reading frames (ORFs) across up to 79 human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes from three distinct phylogenetic groups suggests that specific codonusage bias and A+T content variation may somehow increase the replicational fitness of HPVs in mammalian epithelial cells, and have practical implications for gene therapy of HPV infection.

TL;DR: This review briefly describes the structural organization of the MAPK cascade and emphasizes its importance as a central pathway in the signaling network and offers an insight into how the common theme of MAPK activation and its downstream effects may be used to rationalize the different outcomes of hepatitis B, C and E.

TL;DR: The global findings derived from the molecular analysis of 226 PRRSV strains suggest thatPRRSV circulating in Québec represent a different sub-population of strains.

TL;DR: It is shown that wild-type MV can infect primary human small airway epithelial cells (SAEC) and induce formation of large syncytia in vitro and mRNA specific for SLAM was not detected in SAEC, indicating that wild -type MV infects SAEC and induces syncyTia formation via a SLAM-independent mechanism.

TL;DR: This molecular epidemiological study presents the first comprehensive comparison of rabies viruses from South Africa and Zimbabwe and has demonstrated the need for multinational approaches towards the control of this important zoonotic disease in Africa.

TL;DR: Although further studies are needed, the grouping of an ovine sample with CSFV strains would be the first description of aCSFV genotype for ovine pestiviruses.

TL;DR: Previously undescribed for other members of the family Paramyxoviridae, infected cells also contained an inclusion formed of reticular structures, and ultrastructural ISH studies suggest these inclusions play an important role in the transcription process.