Showing papers in "Virus Research in 2009"

TL;DR: To protect crops from the losses caused by severe tospovirus outbreaks, continued vigilance is required to identify and characterize these emerging toSpoviruses, determine their impact on crop production, understand their epidemiologies and develop, evaluate and implement control measures to reduce their impactOn crop production.

TL;DR: Recent advances in the understanding of the molecular processes resulting in herpes virion maturation will be presented and discussed as an update of a previous contribution.

TL;DR: This review considers how vector behaviour influences the transmission and spread of plant viruses depending on the type of virus-vector relationship and which are the most likely retention sites within the insect's body of cuticula-borne viruses.

TL;DR: How rapid expansion in human activity and climate change are likely to impact on plants, vectors and viruses causing increasing instability is described, and the major factors driving virus emergence, evolution and greater epidemic severity at the interface are analysed and explained.

TL;DR: The current understanding of these important processes leading to the production of infectious influenza virus particles is provided to facilitate bud fission and bud release.

TL;DR: The recent structural and biophysical studies of RNA pseudoknots are summarized and support for the hypothesis that the downstream stimulatory element provides a kinetic barrier to the ribosome-mediated unfolding is discussed.

TL;DR: HPV-associated tumors are unique amongst human solid tumors in that they are universally caused by exposure to the same, molecularly defined oncogenic agents, and the molecular signal transduction pathways subverted by these viral transforming agents are frequently disrupted in other, non-virus-associated human cancers.

TL;DR: The results suggested that released or secreted S protein could activate blood monocytes through recognition by toll-like receptor (TLR)2 ligand and stimulate IL-8 mRNA accumulation in a dose dependent manner while treatment with E protein did not.

TL;DR: It is suggested that the true extent of EBV diversity is likely to be greater than is currently recognized and additional studies conducted in carefully selected populations, that are sufficiently powered to provide robust estimates, and that utilize testing approaches that permit full characterization of viral diversity are needed.

TL;DR: Structural features of IRES domains and how these RNA motifs function as RNA-based initiation factors to form 48S initiation complexes and 80S ribosomes with only a subset of canonical, protein-based eukaryotic initiation factors are discussed.

TL;DR: Unravelling the molecular features of PCV and the channels through which the virus interacts with its host are key to manage, prevent and treat PMWS and other PCV-associated diseases.

TL;DR: The latest information about cis-acting elements involved in flavivirus genome cyclization, RNA promoter elements required for viral polymerase recognition, and how these elements together coordinate viral RNA synthesis are described.

TL;DR: An overview of what is currently known about the involvement of lipids and membrane microdomains in HIV-1 replication is provided.

TL;DR: This review highlights the diverse roles, in addition to structural, that tegument plays during herpes viral replication using as an example herpes simplex virus type 1.

TL;DR: The characteristics of influenza VLPs assembled with a lipid bilayer containing glycoproteins are described, and the current progress on influenzaVLPs as an alternative vaccine candidate against seasonal as well as pandemic influenza viruses is summarized.

TL;DR: Variation analysis of amino acids of capsid protein revealed that Chinese PCV2 strains clustered within PCV-2d had four amino acid marker positions and the isolates within PCv-2e had seven unique amino acid mutations.

TL;DR: This review focuses on the characteristics of the most recently described group, initially identified within the porcine teschovirus-1 RNA, which has strong similarities to the IRES elements from within the genomes of hepatitis C virus and the pestiviruses which are members of the flavivirus family.

TL;DR: The phylogenetic distribution of TLSs indicates that their evolutionary history includes frequent horizontal exchange, as has been observed for protein-coding regions of plant positive strand RNA viruses.

TL;DR: This study explored the possible presence of other so far unknown DNA containing infectious agents in lymph nodes collected from Swedish pigs with confirmed PMWS through random amplification and high-throughput sequencing and proposed that this is a novel porcine parvovirus, with genetic relationship to bocaviruses.

TL;DR: The results suggest that mutations at multiple sites of PB2 contributed to the virulence and adaptation in mice, and the E627K mutation ofPB2 is not an indispensable determinant in PB2 for mammalian adaptation by H5N1 avian influenza virus.

TL;DR: This review discusses the various cell surface molecules that are implicated as receptors for virus attachment and internalization and special emphasis is given to Ad types that are utilized as gene delivery vectors.

TL;DR: This is the first experiment showing the daily changes of individual OsHV-1 DNA load during a mortality outbreak, and supports the previously reported high genetic basis underlying the variance of resistance of Pacific oyster to summer mortality, and suggests that there might be a possibility to improve resistance to OsHv-1 by selective breeding.

TL;DR: The growing body of knowledge regarding picornavirus CREs is reviewed and how CRE RNAs work coordinately with viral replication proteins and other cis-active RNAs in the 5' and 3' NTRs during RNA replication is discussed.

TL;DR: This review discusses recent evidences concerning the relationship between RNA structure and IRES function in the genome of picornaviruses and the biological implications of conserved RNA structural elements for the mechanism of internal translation initiation driven by representative members of enterovirus and rhinov virus and cardiovirus and aphthovirus.

TL;DR: Phylogenetic analyses revealed that this virus, for which the name Southern tomato virus (STV) is proposed, belongs to a partitivirus-like lineage and represents a species of a new taxon of plant viruses.

TL;DR: The family Dicistroviridae is composed of positive-stranded RNA viruses which have monopartite genomes, which carry genome-linked virus proteins (VPg) and poly (A) tails and contains an internal ribosome entry site (IRES).

TL;DR: Results indicate that this novel dsRNA mycovirus might be involved in modulating traits of its fungal host, A. alternata virus-1 (AaV-1), which has an impaired growth phenotype.

TL;DR: Analysis of the complete genomic sequences of three highly pathogenic Chinese PRRSV strains isolated in 2006 and the sequences of the amplified Nsp2, ORF5 and ORF7 genes from clinical specimens during 2006-2008 indicated that the diversity ofPRRSV strain existed in the field, and the highly pathogen PRRSv strain with the 30-amino-acid deletion was the dominating virus in China in recent years.

TL;DR: A comprehensive study of the genomic physiopathology of ARDS and SARS is lacking, primarily due to the difficulty of finding suitable materials to study the disease process at a tissue level (instead of blood, sputa or swaps).

TL;DR: It is shown that singularly expressed VP35 and VP30 are present throughout the cytoplasm, while NP forms prominent cy toplasmic inclusions and L forms smaller perinuclear inclusions.