Showing papers in "Vision Research in 1995"

TL;DR: The links between saccades and attention can be explained by a model in which perceptual attention determines the endpoint of the saccade, while a separate trigger signal initiates theSaccade in response to transient changes in the attentional locus.

TL;DR: This paper argues that the MWF model is consistent with previous experimental results and is a parsimonious summary of these results, and describes experimental methods, analogous to perturbation analysis, that permit us to analyze depth cue combination in novel ways.

TL;DR: This review tries to illuminate the historical background of adaptive procedures, explain their differences and similarities, and provide criteria for choosing among the various techniques.

TL;DR: Both form-deprivation myopia and lens-induced myopia declined with age in parallel, but wearing a -15 D lens produced more myopia than did form deprivation, suggesting that compensation for hyperopia requires the central nervous system.

TL;DR: Choroidal expansion does not occur when visual cues are reduced by dim illumination during the period of unrestricted vision, and in chick eyes presented with myopic or hyperopic defocus by means of spectacle lenses, the choroid expands or thins, respectively, in compensation for the specific defocus imposed.

TL;DR: Constant gain of P cells across the visual field is achieved by increasing sensitivity to stimuli falling on the peripheral retina to an extent that counteracts the aberrations introduced by the eye's optics.

TL;DR: A powerful paradigm is combined with several subsidiary paradigms (interocular presentation, stimulus superpositions with varying phases, and attentional manipulations) to determine the functional architecture of visual motion perception: the nature of the various mechanisms of motion perception and their relations to each other.

TL;DR: The mathematics underlying the representation of three-dimensional eye movements, including rotation matrices, rotation vectors and quaternions are presented, and their relations described.

TL;DR: A brief review of the literature pertaining to the representation of depth in stereoscopic VR displays is provided, with specific attention paid to the response of the accommodation system with its cross-links to vergence eye movements, and to the spatial errors that arise when portraying three-dimensional space on a two-dimensional window.

TL;DR: This work compared the (photopic) coherent motion detection thresholds of groups of child and adult dyslexics with those of age matched controls and found Dyslexics were significantly less sensitive to motion.

TL;DR: It is found that a prosopagnosic subject paradoxically performed better at matching inverted faces than upright faces, the opposite of the normal "face inversion effect", suggesting a neurologically localized module for upright face recognition in humans.

TL;DR: Investigation of fast improvement of visual performance in several hyperacuity tasks such as vernier acuity and stereoscopic depth perception in almost 100 observers indicates that the fast phase of perceptual learning, occurring within less than 1 hr of training, is specific for the visual field position and for the particularhyperacuity task.

TL;DR: The results suggest that form deprivation slows or reverses the normal process of extracellular matrix accumulation in the sclera of this mammal, which may allow the sClera to be more distensible, permitting the vitreous chamber elongation and resultant myopia.

TL;DR: A simple equation is presented as a generic description for the alpha-band of mammalian photoreceptor spectral sensitivity curves, and it seem likely that the equation may be equally applicable to retinal1-based pigments in other species.

TL;DR: Concomitant changes in refractive error and in accommodative function over periods of 6-12 months were found to be highly correlated in myopes but not in emmetropes, while changes in blur-driven accommodation to myopia development in children were unrelated.

TL;DR: Coma and coma-likeAberrations were the dominant aberrations for most people at different accommodation levels, thus confirming previous findings.

TL;DR: It is concluded that, within manual working space, binocular gaze-shifts are effected by the highly integrated action of conjugate and disjunctive mechanisms, both of which are expressed preferentially in fast, saccadic movements.

TL;DR: The results suggest that two separate and largely independent mechanisms are involved in the generation of reactive, stimulus-triggered and volitional, internally generated saccades, respectively, which can be selectively adapted.

TL;DR: Saccadic undershoot is consistent with an adaptive controller that attempts to minimize total saccadic flight-time during sequences, rather than retinal error, which agrees with empirical observations.

TL;DR: The monochromatic aberrations present in the eyes of a group of 21 young myopic subjects and 16 emmetropic subjects were measured along the visual axis at three levels of accommodation.

TL;DR: A model of the spatial visual processes underlying the identification and representation of the shape of primitive spatial regions, which proposes that a region's boundaries are sensed at multiple scales by boundariness detectors that give graded responses, is proposed.

TL;DR: To test a hypothesis that individual dopamine levels might determine the susceptibility to deprivation myopia, refractive errors were correlated with dopamine levels in occluded and untreated eyes of monocularly deprived chickens, indicating that retinal dopamine might be implicated also in lens-induced growth changes.

TL;DR: The results showed that human object-recognition efficiency is low (3-8%) when compared to efficiencies reported for some other visual-information processing tasks.

TL;DR: It is concluded that the saccadic system has access to a precise representation of a central reference position within spatially-extended targets and that, when explicitly required to do so, it is capable of demonstrating remarkably accurate and precise performance.

TL;DR: It was concluded that pupils show individuality of shape, with significant regularities within and across subjects.

TL;DR: These findings suggest that for both motion-onset and pattern-reversal VEPs the negative peak is attributable to the motion-processing magnocellular pathway and the positive peak to the form-processing parvocellular system.

TL;DR: It is proposed that the switches in perceptual dominance during binocular rivalry depend on interocular interactions at the level of binocular neurons of the primary visual cortex, which might involve intracortical inhibition between adjacent ocular dominance columns.

TL;DR: Receptor sensitivity changes explained the effect of numerous adapting backgrounds on the color appearance of many targets with high precision and post-receptoral sensitivity changes provided a poorer account of the data.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that there are differently scaled second-stage filters, and their contrast modulation sensitivity as a function of spatial frequency, and it is concluded that second-order texture perception appears to utilize multiple channels tuned to spatial frequency and orientation, with channels tuning to low modulation frequencies appearing to be best served by carrier frequencies 8 to 16 times higher than the modulations they are tuned to detect.

TL;DR: The present results suggest that static MAE primarily reflects adaptation of a low-level motion mechanism, where first-order motion is processed, while flicker MAE reveals a high- level motion processing, where both first- and second- order motion signals are available.